Figure 1.

Human PC cancer cells are senescent, have a SASP and show signs of a stem cell-like phenotype. (A) Representative images of IHC staining for the senescence-associated markers H3K9me3, p16^INK4a and p21^CIP1 and the proliferation marker Ki67 and quantification of the different markers from one patient. Scale bar: 50 µm, error bars represent the mean ± SD. (B) Representative images of IHC staining for the stem cell markers CD44 and CD133 and RNA in situ hybridization for Lgr5 from the same patient as in (A) Inset represents 125x magnification. Scale bars: 50 µm, error bars represent the mean ± SD. (C) Representative images of SA-β-gal in a liver metastasis (left) and PC (right), n = 3 per group. (D) Gene set enrichment analysis profiles of senescence and autophagy genes, SASP genes and senescence-associated genes from primary tumors (n = 23) and PC samples (n = 26) from the TCGA PanCancer collection. Heat map of SASP genes from the same patient collective as in the gene set enrichment analysis.