Table 1.
Characteristics of all the studies included in the meta-analysis.
| References | Study design | Country | Frailty Measure | Sample | Mean age | Outcomes | Quality assessment (NOS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patel (15) | R | America | 19-Item mFI (0–1) | 481 | 81.05 (SD:8.45) | 1-year mortality | 7 |
| Kua (16) | P | Singapore | MFC derived from the original Fried criteria (0–5); REFS (0–18) | 82 | 79.1 (SD:9.6) | Postoperative complications;6-month mortality | 6 |
| Chan (17) | R | Canada | The Canadian Study of Health and Aging CFS 2018 (1–9) | 422 | 82.5 (SD:8.4) | In-patient complications; Adverse discharge destination | 7 |
| Chen (18) | P | China | the Chinese-Canadian Study of Health and Aging Clinical Frailty Scale (CSHA-CFS) (1–7) | 245 | 78(range: 53–97) | 6-month mortality | 8 |
| Winters (19) | P | Netherlands | GFI (0–15) Hospital Safety Management (VMS) frailty score (0–2) | 277 | 83 (SD:6.6) | ≥1-year mortality | 7 |
| Choi (20) | R | Korea | Hip-MFS (0–14) | 481 | 80.4 (range: 75.3–85.3) | Postoperative complications; 6-month mortality; 1-year mortality; prolonged hospital stay | 7 |
| Jorissen (21) | R | Australia | Frailty index (0–0.41) | 4,771 | 86 (range 82–90) | ≥1-year mortality | 8 |
| Choi (22) | R | Korea | Hip-MFS (0–14) | 242 | 81.5 (SD:6.7) | Postoperative complications; 6-month mortality |
7 |
| Thorne (23) | R | England | NHFS; CFS | 2,422 | 85 (interquartile range 78–90) | In-patient mortality; 1-year mortality; prolonged hospital stays |
6 |
| Pizzonia (6) | p | Italy | mFI-19 | 364 | 86.5(SD: 5.65) | 1-year mortality | 7 |
| Shimizu (24) | R | Japan | HFRS | 36,192 | 83.6 (SD: 6.7) | In-patient mortality | 7 |