TABLE 2.

Hazard ratios (HRs, 95% CI) of diabetes incidence across quartiles of animal and plant sources of meat food groups.

	Total animal and plant substitutes of meat food groups
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	P for trend
Median	61.0	96.1	134	202
Interquartile range (g/day)	48.8–70.5	87.6–104	123–146	179–244
Diabetes incidence (n)	148	130	131	140
Model 1	1	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.8 (0.6–1.06)	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.38
Model 2	1	0.7 (0.6–0.9)	0.7 (0.5–0.9)	0.8 (0.6–1.06)	0.01
Model 3	1	0.93 (0.77–1.27)	0.86 (0.75–1.27)	1.15 (0.86–1.53)	0.30
	Animal sources of meat food groups
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Median	39.5	63.8	90.4	141
Interquartile range (g/day)	31.1–46.4	58.0–69.8	82.7–99.2	123–178
Diabetes incidence (n)	155	126	133	135
Model 1	1	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.7
Model 2	1	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	1.1 (0.8–1.4)	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	0.02
Model 3	1	1.05 (0.82–1.34)	1.14 (0.89–1.42)	1.26 (0.96–1.64)	0.17
	Plant substitute of meat food groups
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Median	9.39	21.4	37.8	75.4
Interquartile range (g/day)	6.07–12.1	18.5–24.8	32.9–43.9	62.3–96.8
Diabetes incidence (n)	159	132	111	147
Model 1	1	0.8 (0.7–1.1)	0.7 (0.6–1.0)	1.1 (0.8–1.4)	0.18
Model 2	1	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	0.36
Model 3	1	0.72 (0.56–0.92)	0.61 (0.47–0.79)	0.74 (0.57–0.97)	0.46
	Legumes
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Median	4.80	13.7	26.0	57.8
Interquartile range (g/day)	2.74–6.83	11.1–16.6	21.1–30.4	46.1–73.9
Diabetes incidence (n)	160	126	128	135
Model 1	1	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.9 (0.73–1.1)	1.01 (0.8–1.2)	0.6
Model 2	1	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.9
Model 3	1	0.74 (0.58–0.94)	0.69 (0.54–0.90)	0.65 (0.50–0.84)	0.01
	Nuts
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Median	0.81	2.70	5.92	15.0
Interquartile range (g/day)	0.43–1.33	2.28–3.39	4.85–7.45	10.7–22.2
Diabetes incidence (n)	148	129	137	135
Model 1	1	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.8
Model 2	1	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	1.0 (0.7–1.2)	0.7
Model 3	1	0.91 (0.72–1.17)	1.01 (0.79–1.28)	0.96 (0.75–1.24)	0.92
	Red and processed meats
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Median	11.8	24.12	38.2	69.6
Interquartile range (g/day)	8.48–15.1	21.0–27.3	33.9–43.3	56.8–92.1
Diabetes incidence (n)	171	123	136	119
Model 1	1	0.8 (0.4–1.4)	0.8 (0.4–1.4)	0.5 (0.3–1.0)	0.9
Model 2	1	1.0 (0.6–1.9)	1.0 (0.6–1.9)	0.8 (0.4–1.5)	0.2
Model 3	1	0.78 (0.61–0.99)	0.98 (0.77–1.26)	0.94 (0.72–1.24)	0.83
	Egg
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Median	1.78	7.6	15.2	26.7
Interquartile range (g/day)	1.78–3.56	7.63–7.63	15.2–15.2	22.9–38.1
Diabetes incidence (n)	154	155	118	122
Model 1	1	1.01 (0.8–1.2)	0.7 (0.6–0.9)	0.7 (0.5–0.9)	<0.001
Model 2	1	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	0.3
Model 3	1	1.03 (0.89–1.30)	0.89 (0.70–1.15)	0.90 (0.70–1.16)	0.28
	Fish
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Median	0.4	3.3	0.6	14.4
Interquartile range (g/day)	0–0.83	1.97–3.37	4.06–6.74	12.1–20.2
Diabetes incidence (n)	136	146	124	143
Model 1	1	0.7 (0.4–1.1)	0.9 (0.6–1.4)	0.9 (0.5–1,3)	0.5
Model 2	1	0.7 (0.5–1.1)	0.9 (0.6–1.4)	0.9 (0.6–1.4)	<0.001
Model 3	1	1.0 (0.79–1.27)	1.17 (0.91–1.50)	1.14 (0.89–1.45)	0.01
	Poultry
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Median	10.7	18.2	27.1	60.7
Interquartile range (g/day)	3.17–10.7	12.1–18.2	24.3–30.3	36.4–72.8
Diabetes incidence (n)	116	149	133	151
Model 1	1	1.3 (0.8–2.1)	1.1 (0.7–1.8)	1.4 (0.9 – 2.2)	0.7
Model 2	1	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	1.0 (0.6–1.6)	1.2 (0.8 – 1.9)	<0.001
Model 3	1	1.23 (0.96–1.98)	1.24 (0.96–1.61)	1.33 (1.03–1.71)	0.16

The median of each quartile was utilized as a continuous variable to estimate the overall trends of HRs across quartiles of total animal- and plant-based protein food groups in the Cox proportional hazard regression models. Model 1 was crude, without adjustment; Model 2 adjusted for age and sex; Model 3 adjusted for diabetes risk score, log physical activity, education, smoking, total energy, total fat, fiber, and log sugar-sweetened beverage intakes.