Table 4.

Summary of randomized clinical intervention of prebiotics in patients with IBD.

Reference	Type of treatment	Composition	Dose	Intake	Duration	Parameters analyzed	Conclusion
Azpiroz et al. 2017	Short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS)	95% of pure scFOS & 5% of simple sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose)	5 g per sachet	Twice daily in powder sachets	4 weeks	rectal sensitivity, anxiety/depression, quality of life scores, and composition of fecal microbiota	Less significant (scFOS on rectal sensitivity may require higher doses and may depend on the subgroup)
Niv et al. 2016	Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG)	galactomannan	6 g PHGG	Once-daily in powder sachets	18 weeks	Francis Severity score and quality-of-life scores	Less significant (Improvement of bloating score, however, no effect on other journal reported symptoms)
De Preter et al. 2007	OF-IN (ORAFTISynergy-1)	1:1 mixture of inulin and oligofructose.	10 g OF-IN	Twice daily	4 weeks	Fecal metabolites before and after treatment	Effective
Benjamin et al. 2011	Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS).	Synergy1, Beneo-Orafti, Belgium	7.5 g × two sachets per day	Twice daily	4 weeks	Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI), cytokine production by intestinal DCs, quantified fecal bifidobacteria and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii	No significant (no significant differences in the fecal concentration of bifidobacteria and F. prausnitzii
Morse et al. 2010	A mixture of Inulin Plus Oligofructose	inulin plus oligofructose 1:1 mixture	7.5 or 15 g	Once-daily	9 weeks	stool analyzed for microflora composition	Not clear