Table 5.
Summary of animal models’ studies of using synbiotics.
| Reference | Probiotics | Prebiotics | Model | Dose | Intake | Duration | Parameters analyzed | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dos Santos Cruz et al. 2020 | VSL#3 | Yacon (6% Fructooligosaccharide + inulin) | Interleukin-10-knockout mice | VSL#3® (109 CFU/day) + PBY (6% FOS and inulin) | NM | 13 weeks | Manifestations of colitis, colon histology, expression of antioxidant enzymes, production of organic acids, and intestinal microbiota | Preservation of intestinal architecture, improve intestinal integrity, increased expression of antioxidant enzymes and concentration of organic acids |
| Seong et al. 2020 | L. paracasei | Opuntia humifusa extract (mucilage + pectin) | male Wistar rats |
L. paracasei (1 × 1010 cfu/g) & (10.0 / 30.0 mg%, w/w) of Opuntia humifusa extract IBS/IBD inducer: Chronic restraint stress |
Once daily | 4 weeks | Fecal microbial analysis, serum corticosterone levels, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the colon tissue, and expression of tight junction proteins | Effective (Greater abundance of L. paracasei in fecal microbial analysis, lower serum corticosterone levels, lower TNF-α levels in the colon tissue, and higher expression of tight junction proteins) |
| Son et al. 2019 | L. rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) | Tagatose | Female BALB/c mice | 109 cfu/mL of LGG and 25 mg of tagatose Colitis inducer: dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) |
Two days once | 3 weeks | Measure body weight, food intake, noting rectal bleeding, stool conditions, blood in stool, expression of proinflammatory cytokines in serum, analysis on gut microbiota | Effective (Gut microbiota composition recovered from the dysbiosis caused by DSS treatment) |
| Ivanovska et al. 2017 | L. Casey 01 | oligofructose-enriched inulin | Female Wistar rats | 1 mL ayran containing non-encapsulated probiotic/prebiotics Colitis inducer: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) |
Once-daily | 2 weeks (before induction) & 1 week (after induction) | Assessment of colonic damage, inflammation scoring, myeloperoxidase assay and microbiological studies |
Effective (Significant decline in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity) |
| Kaur et al. 2017 | L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, B. longum and S. boulardi | guar gum and xanthan gum | Wistar albino rats | 23 mg/kg (Prebiotics) + 1 g/day (probiotic) | Once-daily | 17 days | Comparative evaluation of fecal contents, weight gain trend, and histopathological studies | Efficient and cost-effective targeting of the drug to the colon |