Table 1.
Full list of plant species recorded in the study area with information on their families, life forms, density, and frequency. The life forms are represented by Ch: chamaephytes, G: geophytes, Ph: phanerophytes, and Th: therophytes. The conservation status of each species is represented by DD: Data Deficient species, LC: Least Concern, NE: Not Evaluated, EN: Endangered, NT: Near Threatened. The habitats of each species are represented by UPPER: upper plain, LOWER: lower plain, and VALLEY: Wadi Tarj.* indicates to the endemic species.
| Family | Species | Growth form | Life form | Density/ha | Frequency | Status | Habitat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acanthaceae | Barleria bispinosa (Forssk.) | shrub | Ch | 4 | 0.6 | DD | UPPER |
| Barleria trispinosa (Forssk.) Brumm. & Wood | shrub | Ch | 2 | 0.2 | DD | UPPER | |
| Blepharis ciliaris (L.) B.l.Burtt | herb | Ch | 2.4 | 0.4 | LC | COMMON | |
| Aizoaceae | Aizoon canariense L. | herb | Th | 6 | 0.1 | DD | LOWER |
| Zaleya pentandra (L.) C. Jeffrey | herb | Th | 2 | 0.3 | DD | LOWER | |
| Amaranthaceae | Aerva javanica (Burm. f.) Juss. ex Schult. | herb | Ch | 2.8 | 0.4 | LC | VALLEY |
| Aerva lanata (L.) A. l. Juss. ex Schultes. | herb | Ch | 2 | 0.1 | LC | LOWER | |
| Alternanthera pungens Kunth. | herb | Ch | 2.6 | 0.2 | NA | LOWER | |
| Amaranthus hybridus L. | herb | Th | 6.8 | 0.2 | DD | VALLEY | |
| Salsola cyclophylla Baker. | shrub | Ch | 2.1 | 0.3 | NA | LOWER | |
| Celosia polystachya (Forssk.) C.C.Towns. | undershrub | Ch | 2 | 0.1 | NA | VALLEY | |
| Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss | herb | Ch | 4 | 0.4 | LC | LOWER | |
| Anacardiaceae | Pistacia falcata Becc. ex Martelli | tree | Ph | 1.2 | 0.2 | NA | UPPER |
| Searsia retinorrhoea (=Rhus retinorrhoea) | tree | Ph | 12 | 0.3 | NA | UPPER | |
| Apocynaceae | Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. | shrub | Ph | 2.7 | 0.3 | LC | UPPER |
| Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton | shrub | Ph | 11 | 0.2 | LC | VALLEY | |
| Asclepiadaceae | Monolluma quadrangula (Forssk.) Plowes * | Succulent herb | Th | 0.3 | 0.05 | NA | UPPER |
| Desmidorchis retrospiciens (N.E.Br.) Ehrenb. | Succulent herb | Ch | 0.8 | 0.2 | NA | LOWER | |
| Gomphocarpus sinaicus Boiss. | undershrub | Ch | 3.1 | 0.3 | NA | LOWER | |
| Kanahia laniflora (Forssk.) R.Br. | herb | Th | 2 | 0.2 | LC | VALLEY | |
| Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. | vine | Ch | 6.1 | 0.3 | LC | LOWER | |
| Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne. | shrub | Ph | 3.6 | 0.5 | LC | VALLEY | |
| Asparagaceae | Aloe pseudorubroviolacea Lavranos & Collen. * | Succulent herb | Ch | 0.4 | 0.1 | NA | UPPER |
| Dracaena serrulata Baker * | shrub | Ph | 2 | 0.05 | EN | UPPER | |
| Asphodelaceae | Asphodelus aestivus Brot. | herb | Th | 15 | 0.5 | LC | LOWER |
| Asteraceae | Conyza pyrrhopappa Sch.- Bip. ex A. Rich. | undershrub | Ch | 6 | 0.1 | NA | VALLEY |
| Centaurea schimperi DC. | herb | Ch | 4.1 | 0.3 | NA | LOWER | |
| Centaurea sinaica DC. | herb | Ch | 4.6 | 0.4 | NA | LOWER | |
| Crepis rueppellii Sch.-Bip. | herb | Ch | 2 | 0.3 | NA | VALLEY | |
| Ambrosia maritima L. | herb | Th | 3.2 | 0.3 | LC | VALLEY | |
| Echinops hystrichoides Kit-Tan | herb | Ch | 3.6 | 0.2 | NA | LOWER | |
| Heteroderis pusilla (Boiss.) Boiss. | herb | Th | 1.6 | 0.2 | NA | LOWER | |
| Launaea massauensis (Fresen.) Sch. Bip. | herb | Th | 0.8 | 0.1 | NA | VALLEY | |
| Onopordum heteracanthum C.A. May | herb | Ch | 0.9 | 0.3 | NA | LOWER | |
| Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. | undershrub | Ch | 2 | 0.2 | LC | VALLEY | |
| Pulicaria glutinosa (Boiss.) Jaub. & Spach | herb | Ch | 3.6 | 0.4 | NA | LOWER | |
| Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A. May | herb | Ch | 3.6 | 0.3 | NA | LOWER | |
| Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn. | herb | Ch | 1 | 0.1 | LC | LOWER | |
| Boraginaceae | Arnebia hispidissima (Lehm.) DC. | herb | Th | 4.7 | 0.3 | NA | LOWER |
| Asperugo procumbens L. | herb | Th | 0.4 | 0.1 | NA | UPPER | |
| Echium longifolium Delile. | herb | Th | 6 | 0.15 | NA | UPPER | |
| Heliotropium aegyptiacum (Lehm.) DC. | herb | Th | 6.2 | 0.4 | NA | VALLEY | |
| Heliotropium arbainense Fresen. | herb | Th | 1.2 | 0.2 | NA | LOWER | |
| Burseraceae | Commiphora gileadensis C. Christ. | tree | Ph | 44.4 | 0.2 | NA | COMMON |
| Commiphora kataf Engl. | tree | Ph | 4 | 0.15 | NA | LOWER | |
| Capparaceae | Capparis cartilaginea Decaisne | tree | Ph | 1.1 | 0.1 | LC | LOWER |
| Maerua crassifolia Forssk. | tree | Ph | 0.4 | 0.1 | LC | LOWER | |
| Maerua oblongifolia (Forssk.) A.Rich. | shrub | Ch | 0.1 | 0.1 | NA | LOWER | |
| Celastraceae | Maytenus arbutifolia (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.Wilczek | shrub | Ph | 2 | 0.3 | LC | UPPER |
| Combretaceae | Combretum molle R.Br. ex G. Don | tree | Ph | 1.2 | 0.1 | LC | UPPER |
| Convolvulaceae | Seddera arabica (Forssk.) Choisy | herb | Ch | 0.8 | 0.1 | NA | LOWER |
| Cucurbitaceae | Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrader | vine | Ch | 1.9 | 0.2 | NA | VALLEY |
| Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond. | vine | Ch | 1 | 0.2 | NA | UPPER | |
| Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottler) Hook.f. | vine | Ch | 0.9 | 0.3 | NA | UPPER | |
| Cyperaceae | Carex divisa Huds | herb | Th | 1.2 | 0.1 | LC | LOWER |
| Ebenaceae | Euclea schimperi (A. DC.) Dandy | tree | Ph | 0.4 | 0.05 | LC | UPPER |
| Ephedraceae | Ephedra foeminea Forssk. | shrub | Ph | 4.4 | 0.2 | LC | LOWER |
| Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A. May | shrub | Ch | 1.2 | 0.1 | LC | UPPER | |
| Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia cuneata Vahl | shrub | Ch | 2.4 | 0.2 | LC | LOWER |
| Ricinus communis L. | shrub | Ch | 2 | 0.2 | NA | VALLEY | |
| Geraniaceae | Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her | herb | Th | 1 | 0.15 | NA | UPPER |
| Erodium neuradifolium Del. | herb | Th | 1.4 | 0.15 | NA | UPPER | |
| Fabaceae | Acacia asak (Forssk.) Willd. | tree | Ph | 14.4 | 0.4 | NA | COMMON |
| Acacia gerrardii Benth. | tree | Ph | 3 | 0.15 | NA | LOWER | |
| Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne | tree | Ph | 8 | 0.15 | LC | VALLEY | |
| Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne | tree | Ph | 4.4 | 0.15 | LC | VALLEY | |
| Acacia hamulosa Benth. | tree | Ph | 1 | 0.1 | LC | LOWER | |
| Astragalus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl. | herb | Th | 0.1 | 0.05 | NA | VALLEY | |
| Indigofera articulata Gouan | undershrub | Ch | 7.2 | 0.25 | NA | COMMON | |
| Indigofera coerulea Roxb. | undershrub | Ch | 0.9 | 0.15 | LC | COMMON | |
| Indigofera spinosa Forssk. | undershrub | Ch | 5.6 | 0.35 | NA | COMMON | |
| Medicago minima (L.) L. | herb | Th | 2.7 | 0.4 | LC | COMMON | |
| Trigonella anguina Del. | herb | Th | 3 | 0.4 | NA | COMMON | |
| Geraniaceae | Grewia tembensis Fresen | shrub / tree | Ph | 3.2 | 0.5 | NA | UPPER |
| Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori | shrub / tree | Ph | 4 | 0.5 | LC | UPPER | |
| Juncaceae | Juncus punctorius L.f. | herb | Th | 0.3 | 0.05 | LC | VALLEY |
| Lamiaceae | Mentha longifolia ssp. schimperi (Briq.) Briq. | herb | Th | 4.4 | 0.05 | LC | VALLEY |
| Lavandula pubescens Decne. | herb | Ch | 1.2 | 0.3 | NA | UPPER | |
| Marrubium vulgare L. | herb | Ch | 2.2 | 0.2 | NT | LOWER | |
| Ocimum forsskaolii Benth. | herb | Ch | 0.1 | 0.05 | NA | LOWER | |
| Otostegia fruticosa ssp. schimperi (Benth.) Sebald | herb | Ch | 4.8 | 0.4 | NA | UPPER | |
| Salvia merjamie Forssk. | herb | Ch | 0.1 | 0.1 | NA | UPPER | |
| Malvaceae | Abutilon bidentatum A. Rich. | shrub | Ch | 15.6 | 0.5 | NA | VALLEY |
| Hibiscus deflersii Schweinf. ex Cufod. | undershrub | Ch | 0.8 | 0.05 | NA | LOWER | |
| Hibiscus micranthus L. | undershrub | Th | 6.4 | 0.25 | NA | LOWER | |
| Hibiscus vitifolius L. | undershrub | Ch | 1.6 | 0.2 | NA | LOWER | |
| Menispermaceae | Cocculus pendulus (J.R. & G. Forster) Diels | vine | Ph | 0.4 | 0.05 | NA | LOWER |
| Moraceae | Ficus cordata ssp. salicifolia (Vahl) C.C. Berg. | tree | Ph | 2.4 | 0.4 | LC | LOWER |
| Ficus palmata Forssk. | tree | Ph | 0.7 | 0.2 | NA | UPPER | |
| Moringaceae | Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori * | tree | Ph | 0.8 | 0.05 | NT | LOWER |
| Oleaceae | Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. ex G. Don) Cif. | tree | Ph | 1.2 | 0.3 | NA | UPPER |
| Papaveraceae | Argemone mexicana L. | herb | Th | 4.8 | 0.1 | LC | VALLEY |
| Plantaginaceae | Plantago boissieri Hausskn. & Bornm. | herb | Th | 17 | 0.35 | NA | UPPER |
| Poaceae | Panicum turgidum Forssk. | grass | G | 0.8 | 0.1 | NA | LOWER |
| Andropogon distachyos L. | grass | Th | 6 | 0.5 | NA | LOWER | |
| Aristida adscensionis L. | grass | Th | 4 | 0.3 | NA | UPPER | |
| Aristida congesta Roem. & Schults | grass | Th | 3 | 0.25 | NA | UPPER | |
| Aristida tricornis H. Scholz & Konig | grass | Th | 3.5 | 0.3 | NA | UPPER | |
| Avena barbata Pott ex Link | grass | Th | 6 | 0.3 | NA | VALLEY | |
| Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. | grass | G | 3 | 0.2 | LC | LOWER | |
| Eragrostis aspera (Jacq.) Nees | grass | Th | 1.6 | 0.3 | NA | UPPER | |
| Stipagrostis hirtigluma (Trin. Rupr.) de Wint. | grass | Th | 4.8 | 0.4 | NA | LOWER | |
| Themeda triandra Forssk. | grass | Th | 5.6 | 0.6 | NA | UPPER | |
| Tripogon purpurascens Duthie | grass | G | 0.9 | 0.1 | NA | VALLEY | |
| Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. & Steudel. | grass | Th | 0.5 | 0.05 | LC | VALLEY | |
| Resedaceae | Ochradenus baccatus Del. | shrub | Ph | 5.6 | 0.6 | LC | UPPER |
| Reseda sphenocleoides Defl. | herb | Th | 1.2 | 0.3 | NA | VALLEY | |
| Rhamnaceae | Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. | tree | Ph | 4.8 | 0.3 | LC | VALLEY |
| Salicaceae | Salix mucronata Thunb. | tree | Ph | 1.2 | 0.05 | NA | VALLEY |
| Salvadoraceae | Salvadora persica L. | tree | Ph | 2.8 | 0.3 | LC | LOWER |
| Sapindaceae | Dodonaea viscosa L. | shrub | Ph | 0.8 | 0.1 | LC | UPPER |
| Solanaceae | Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult. | shrub | Ph | 11.2 | 0.7 | LC | LOWER |
| Datura innoxia Mill. | herb | Ch | 21 | 0.3 | NA | LOWER | |
| Nicotiana glauca R.C. Graham | undershrub | Ph | 6.4 | 0.15 | LC | VALLEY | |
| Solanum incanum L. | undershrub | Ch | 31 | 0.7 | LC | COMMON | |
| Stilbaceae | Nuxia oppositifolia (Hochst.) Benth. | tree | Ph | 0.4 | 0.05 | LC | LOWWER |
| Tamaricaceae | Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. | tree | Ph | 1.2 | 0.1 | LC | VALLEY |
| Zygophyllaceae | Fagonia indica Burm.f. | herb | Th | 6 | 0.7 | NA | COMMON |