Table 1.
Diet formulations and proximate composition of experimental feed.
| Ingredients (g/100) | Experimental diets containing a different level of papaya leaf extract |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0% | 0.5% | 1.0% | 2.0% | 4.0% | |
| Fish meal1 | 11.30 | 11.30 | 11.30 | 11.30 | 11.30 |
| Soybean meal2 | 34.50 | 34.50 | 34.50 | 34.50 | 34.50 |
| Corn starch3 | 14.25 | 14.25 | 14.25 | 14.25 | 14.25 |
| Hermetia larvae meal | 8.95 | 8.95 | 8.95 | 8.95 | 8.95 |
| Azolla | 22.50 | 22.50 | 22.50 | 22.50 | 22.50 |
| Palm oil4 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 |
| Vitamin premix5 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| Mineral premix6 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Celite7 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| Papaya leaf extracts | 0.00 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 |
| CMC | 4.00 | 3.50 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 |
| Proximate composition (%) | |||||
| Moisture | 7.27 | 7.11 | 7.14 | 7.14 | 7.12 |
| Protein | 36.10 | 36.50 | 36.8 | 36.30 | 36.30 |
| Lipid | 7.91 | 7.87 | 8.04 | 7.96 | 8.24 |
| Fibre | 17.86 | 17.34 | 18.01 | 18.12 | 18.00 |
| Ash | 8.95 | 8.84 | 8.79 | 8.82 | 8.76 |
| Nitrogen Free Extracts8 | 21.91 | 22.34 | 21.22 | 21.66 | 21.58 |
| Gross Energy (kJ/100 g) | 303.23 | 306.19 | 304.44 | 303.48 | 305.68 |
Danish fishmeal.
Soybean meal.
Corn starch.
Palm oil.
Vitamin premix (Rovimix 6288; F.Hoffman La-Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland), containing (per kg, dry weight): Vitamin A, 50 million IU; Vitamin D3, 10 million IU; Vitamin E, 130 g; Vitamin B1, 10 g; Vitamin B2, 25 g; Vitamin B6, 16 g; Vitamin B12, 100 mg; biotin,500 mg; panthothenic acid, 56 g; folic acid, 8 g; niacin, 200 g; anti-cake20 g; antioxidant, 200 mg; Vitamin K3, 10 g; and Vitamin c, 35 g.
Mineral premix (g/kg)-cobalt carbonate, 100 mg; copper sulphate, 780 mg; magnesium sulphate, 137 g;mmanganese oxide, 800 mg; potassium chloride, 50 g; potassium iodide, 150 mg; sodium chloride, 60 g; sodium selenite, 200 mg and zinc oxide, 1.5 g; calcium lactate, 327 g; ferrous sulphate, 25 g; calcium phosphate (monobasic), 397.5 g.
Celite.
Nitrogen free extract: 100 - (moisture + protein + lipid + ash + fibre).