Table 1.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors approved by US and European regulatory authorities.
| AGENT | TARGET | INDICATION | FDA approval | EMA approval | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| atezolizumab (Tecentriq) | PD-L1 | melanoma, small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma. urothelial carcinoma | 2016 | 2017 | |
| ipilimumab (Yervoy) | CTLA-4 | Melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, MSI high or MMR deficient colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, mesothelioma | 2011 | 2011 | |
| nivolumab (Opdivo) | PD-1 | melanoma, renal cell cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, esophageal or gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, mesothelioma | 2014 | 2015 | |
| pembrolizumab (Keytruda) | PD-L1 | melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, MSI high or MMR deficient colorectal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, cervical cancer, renal carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, triple-negative breast cancer | 2014 | 2015 | |
| Avelumab (Bavencio) | PD-L1 | Merkel Cell Carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma | 2017 | 2017 | |
| Durvalumab (Imfinzi) | PD-L1 | Small cell and non-small cell lung cancer | 2017 | 2018 | |
| Cemiplimab (Libtayo) | PD-1 | Non-small cell lung cancer, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, Basal cell carcinoma | 2018 | 2019 | |
FDA, United States Federal Drug Administration; EMA, European Medicines Agency; PD-1, Programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1, Programmed death-ligand 1, CTLA-4; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, MSI; Microsatellite instability, MMR; mismatch repair.