Table 4.
Descriptive analysis of the content of phenolic compounds (mg/kg dw), total phenolic content (TPC, g GAE/kg dw), and relative scavenging activity (RSA, mmol TE/kg dw) in Norwegian apple samples from the NIBIO Ullensvang area (no. 1–74) and from Njøs (no. 75–103) during 2-year harvesting.
| Norwegian area | NIBIO Ullensvang area | Njøs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD |
| 3- O -Caffeoylquinic acid | 0 | 579.58 | 303.85 | 128.58 | 0 | 138.22 | 47.95 | 25.20 |
| Caffeic acid | 0.31 | 5.99 | 2.15 | 1.17 | 0 | 8.12 | 1.84 | 2.28 |
| Chlorogenic acid | 28.40 | 904.72 | 323.97 | 200.36 | 0 | 664.08 | 174.87 | 244.74 |
| Ferulic acid | 0.15 | 3.03 | 1.19 | 0.66 | 0 | 1.84 | 0.70 | 0.43 |
| Gallic acid | 0.02 | 14.53 | 1.16 | 2.83 | 0 | 0.09 | <0.01 | 0.02 |
| p -Coumaric acid | 0.37 | 7.56 | 1.94 | 1.38 | 0 | 3.69 | 0.71 | 0.94 |
| p -Hydroxybenzoic acid | 0.17 | 10.16 | 1.42 | 1.33 | 0.07 | 2.34 | 0.33 | 0.44 |
| p -Hydroxyphenylacetic acid | 0 | 0.89 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Protocatechuic acid | 0.86 | 20.36 | 5.36 | 4.70 | 0 | 9.97 | 1.18 | 2.51 |
| Sinapic acid | 0 | 0.57 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0 | 38.50 | 1.33 | 7.15 |
| Syringic acid | 0 | 16.48 | 0.60 | 2.19 | 0 | 5.86 | 0.36 | 1.14 |
| Vanillic acid | 0.15 | 0.85 | 0.36 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.42 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
| Acacetin | 0 | 1.41 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0 | 0.38 | 0.13 | 0.11 |
| Aesculetin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.15 | 1.84 | 2.65 |
| Catechin | 0 | 98.98 | 8.63 | 19.91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Eriodictyol | 0 | 0.54 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.07 | <0.01 | 0.01 |
| Isorhamnetin 3- O -glucoside | 0.06 | 26.65 | 5.25 | 4.42 | 0 | 19.89 | 7.32 | 3.79 |
| Isorhamnetin 3- O -rutinoside | 0.10 | 6.06 | 1.30 | 1.26 | 0.08 | 6.61 | 0.89 | 1.50 |
| Kaempferol | 0 | 0.81 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0 | 1.19 | 0.12 | 0.27 |
| Kaempferol 3- O -glucoside | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23.64 | 8.08 | 6.25 |
| Kaempferol 7- O -glucoside | 1.00 | 8.44 | 2.90 | 1.52 | 0 | 39.57 | 16.11 | 8.00 |
| Naringenin | 0 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| Naringin | 0 | 13.33 | 3.37 | 2.82 | 0 | 7.20 | 2.29 | 1.78 |
| Phloretin | 0 | 2.27 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0 | 6.41 | 0.79 | 1.19 |
| Phlorizin | 5.97 | 118.09 | 55.47 | 30.70 | 0 | 581.13 | 65.14 | 102.70 |
| Quercetin | 1.80 | 36.10 | 11.62 | 6.97 | 0 | 32.34 | 11.29 | 8.17 |
| Quercetin 3- O -glucoside | 3.67 | 86.47 | 33.01 | 15.66 | 0 | 56.56 | 22.68 | 13.25 |
| Quercetin 3- O -rhamnoside | 6.15 | 64.02 | 31.05 | 14.09 | 0 | 71.60 | 28.40 | 19.50 |
| Rutin | 0.07 | 30.88 | 6.27 | 6.65 | 0 | 28.78 | 6.12 | 7.44 |
| Sum of phenolic compounds | 177.45 | 1,684.72 | 802.13 | 324.37 | 53.89 | 953.43 | 400.5 | 290.26 |
| TPC | 3.47 | 20.59 | 8.43 | 3.13 | 5.86 | 17.34 | 9.00 | 2.49 |
| RSA | 5.63 | 103.52 | 39.18 | 17.64 | 33.69 | 128.24 | 66.57 | 21.20 |