FIGURE 2.

Effects of drought stress (DS) on various stages of plant growth and development. At morphological level, DS induces several changes in plant like, chlorosis, necrosis, wilting, reduced leaf size, cell death, and yield reduction. At physiological and biochemical level, DS also causes oxidation by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inactivation of enzymatic action, and reduced photosynthesis and protein contents. DS also brings certain alterations at molecular level like, changes in DNA methylation and altered gene expression.