Table 2.
Macro and micronutrients concentrations in fruit, root, stem, leaves and total plant obtained with the different ZnO-NPs rates in the acidic soil. Values compared using LSD multiple-range test at the 0.05 level of probability. Homogeneous groups are denoted with the same letter. Italic values show significant orthogonal contrast at the 0.05 level of probability between treatment means (Nil- ZnO-NPs vs ZnO-NPs) and the estimated difference between them. ∗∗∗, ∗∗, and ∗ denote significance at 0.0001, 0.001, and 0.05, respectively.
| ACIDIC SOIL |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | tomato fruits | root | stem | leaves | total | ||||||||||
| Macronutrients concentration mg 100g plant−1 | |||||||||||||||
| N | Nil-ZnNP | 350.65 | 898.27 | 148.07 | 399.49 | 273.74 | |||||||||
| NPs-3 | 373.85 | 696.37 | 167.41 | 383.08 | 244.90 | ||||||||||
| NPs-20 | 249.07 | 781.96 | 141.38 | 432.76 | 293.47 | ||||||||||
| Ca | Nil-ZnNP | 10.17 | 229.49 | 69.87 | 169.08 | 107.12 | |||||||||
| NPs-3 | 19.09 | 143.27 | 98.21 | 158.88 | 91.55 | ||||||||||
| NPs-20 | 10.90 | 159.69 | 75.24 | 160.54 | 107.85 | ||||||||||
| K | Nil-ZnNP | 338.14 | 467.55 | 500.31 | 504.73 | b∗ | 0.10∗ | 502.84 | |||||||
| NPs-3 | 296.60 | 490.26 | 545.71 | 431.14 | a | 495.54 | |||||||||
| NPs-20 | 362.12 | 530.65 | 540.32 | 477.93 | ab | 501.03 | |||||||||
| Mg | Nil-ZnNP | 15.95 | 64.74 | 14.06 | 49.33 | 28.80 | |||||||||
| NPs-3 | 21.12 | 58.75 | 21.27 | 49.37 | 29.53 | ||||||||||
| NPs-20 | 20.68 | 53.42 | 14.52 | 42.18 | 28.43 | ||||||||||
| P | Nil-ZnNP | 46.02 | 47.87 | 30.79 | 40.46 | 39.28 | |||||||||
| NPs-3 | 45.10 | 28.24 | 20.04 | 30.86 | 29.70 | ||||||||||
| NPs-20 | 59.11 | 42.19 | 32.13 | 29.45 | 34.90 | ||||||||||
| S | Nil-ZnNP | 15.48 | 54.20 | 26.16 | 165.83 | 81.19 | |||||||||
| NPs-3 | 17.48 | 45.57 | 27.15 | 162.91 | 62.27 | ||||||||||
| NPs-20 | 18.18 | 52.61 | 20.60 | 132.37 | 72.36 | ||||||||||
| Micronutrients concentrations mg∙kg plant−1 | |||||||||||||||
| B | Nil-ZnNP | 0.61 | 8.21 | 6.08∗ | 1.38 | 5.58 | 2.87 | ||||||||
| NPs-3 | 1.15 | 1.71∗ | 5.15 | 1.58 | 4.45 | 2.13 | |||||||||
| NPs-20 | 0.71 | 5.19 | 1.62 | 5.00 | 3.11 | ||||||||||
| Cu | Nil-ZnNP | 0.92 | 2.86 | 0.41 | 1.34 | 0.83 | |||||||||
| NPs-3 | 0.73 | 2.89 | 0.50 | 1.45 | 0.78 | ||||||||||
| NPs-20 | 0.99 | 3.09 | 0.52 | 1.14 | 0.88 | ||||||||||
| Fe | Nil-ZnNP | 5.47 | 644.75 | 4.70 | 22.28 | 12.46 | |||||||||
| NPs-3 | 6.61 | 1586.97 | 11.31 | 18.46 | 14.49 | ||||||||||
| NPs-20 | 4.94 | 1336.24 | 6.20 | 14.42 | 14.54 | ||||||||||
| Mn | Nil-ZnNP | 6.39 | 54.74 | 18.34 | 91.16 | 44.35 | |||||||||
| NPs-3 | 10.07 | 76.59 | 37.71 | 124.13 | 55.15 | ||||||||||
| NPs-20 | 8.20 | 120.08 | 27.13 | 99.67 | 59.14 | ||||||||||
| Na | Nil-ZnNP | 0.22 | 30.34 | b∗ | 29.08∗ | 0.83 | 1.22 | 0.90 | a∗ | ||||||
| NPs-3 | 0.30 | 15.42 | a | 2.80 | 2.81 | 2.78 | b | ||||||||
| NPs-20 | 0.25 | 16.17 | a | 0.76 | 1.12 | 0.93 | a | ||||||||
| Zn | Nil-ZnNP | 3.61 | 54.76 | 11.16 | a∗ | 4.83 | a∗∗∗ | 8.12 | a ∗ | ||||||
| NPs-3 | 3.55 | 55.11 | 18.80 | a | 15.52∗∗ | 6.25 | b | 9.90∗ | 13.43 | b | 14.58∗ | ||||
| NPs-20 | 4.78 | 137.98 | 28.06 | b | 13.30 | c | 19.05 | c | |||||||