. 2022 Jun 30;9:946556. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.946556

TABLE 4.

Effects of ferulic acid on lipid profiles and renal indicators in the serum of HFFD-fed rats.

Variable	Control	Model	FAL	FAH	AP
Lipid profiles
TG (mmol/L)	1.05 ± 0.23	2.30 ± 0.29^**	1.39 ± 0.52^##	1.41 ± 0.18*^,#	1.57 ± 0.33*^,##
LDL-C (mmol/L)	0.58 ± 0.10	0.77 ± 0.18^*	0.51 ± 0.03^#	0.50 ± 0.04^#	0.42 ± 0.05^##
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.10 ± 0.12	0.78 ± 0.06^**	0.94 ± 0.13*^,#	0.99 ± 0.07^##	0.94 ± 0.17^#
FFA (mmol/L)	0.75 ± 0.09	1.08 ± 0.12^**	0.94 ± 0.20^*	0.75 ± 0.08^##	0.80 ± 0.10^##
Renal indicators
UA (μmol/L)	62.46 ± 2.31	91.27 ± 11.90^**	75.82 ± 9.74**^,#	65.81 ± 7.22^##	75.54 ± 3.07**^,#
BUN (mg/L)	93.66 ± 7.81	160.01 ± 10.75^**	91.31 ± 10.21^##	100.82 ± 7.64^##	79.51 ± 7.92*^,##
CRE (μmol/L)	55.65 ± 1.77	57.09 ± 3.00	55.54 ± 2.62	54.83 ± 2.75	51.04 ± 1.93^##

Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, vs. Control; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, vs. Model. FAL, low dose of ferulic acid group administered of HFFD mixed with 0.05% ferulic acid; FAH, high dose of ferulic acid administered of HFFD mixed with 0.1% ferulic acid; AP, allopurinol group administered of HFFD mixed with 0.0145% allopurinol.