Table 5.
Effects of the Movement as Medicine for CVDa Prevention intervention on patient outcomes.
| Outcome | Baseline, mean (SD) | 3 months, mean (SD) | P valueb | Cohen d (95% CI) | |
| Objective PAc,d | |||||
|
|
MVPAe (minutes per day) | 83.1 (36.5) | 92.7 (38.3) | .02 | 0.77 (0.13 to 1.41) |
|
|
L5f | 3.6 (0.7) | 4.0 (2.5) | .32 | 0.32 (–0.31 to 0.94) |
|
|
M5g | 39.7 (9.2) | 43.9 (11.5) | .01 | 0.94 (0.29 to 1.60) |
|
|
ENMOh (mg)i | 20.9 (4.8) | 22.4 (5.2) | .01 | 0.83 (0.19 to 1.48) |
| Subjective PA | |||||
|
|
IPAQj total MVPA (minutes per week) | 318 (203) | 349 (172) | .18 | 0.30 (–0.14 to 0.74) |
|
|
IPAQ leisure time MVPA (minutes per week) | 36.5 (87.4) | 58.2 (76.7) | .03 | 0.49 (0.05 to 0.93) |
|
|
Sitting time (hours per day)k | 5.85 (2.81) | 5.24 (2.43) | .05 | –0.44 (–0.88 to 0.002) |
| Determinants of PA from HAPAl | |||||
|
|
Intention for PA | 4.51 (1.24) | 4.77 (1.09) | .09 | 0.39 (–0.06 to 0.84) |
|
|
Self-efficacy for PA | 4.61 (1.78) | 5.19 (1.76) | .01 | 0.59 (0.14 to 1.03) |
|
|
Action planning for PA | 3.32 (1.84) | 3.92 (1.67) | .01 | 0.60 (0.15 to 1.06) |
|
|
PA outcome expectancies | 3.50 (0.71) | 3.44 (0.64) | .51 | –0.15 (–0.60 to 0.30) |
|
|
Perceived barriers to PAk | 1.99 (1.04) | 1.88 (1.10) | .52 | –0.15 (–0.59 to 0.30) |
|
|
Action control for PA | 1.50 (0.78) | 1.81 (0.80) | .02 | 0.54 (0.09 to 1.00) |
| Regulatory style | |||||
|
|
Intrinsic motivation | 2.08 (1.22) | 2.36 (1.23) | .047 | 0.46 (0.01 to 0.91) |
|
|
Identified motivation | 2.36 (0.99) | 2.59 (0.97) | .05 | 0.45 (–0.001 to 0.90) |
|
|
Introjected motivationk | 1.07 (0.95) | 1.20 (0.89) | .35 | 0.21 (–0.23 to 0.65) |
|
|
External motivationk | 0.49 (0.69) | 0.61 (0.71) | .27 | 0.25 (–0.19 to 0.70) |
|
|
Amotivationk | 0.47 (0.76) | 0.48 (0.64) | .96 | 0.01 (–0.43 to 0.46) |
| Illness perceptions | |||||
|
|
Personal control | 6.10 (1.71) | 6.63 (1.54) | .39 | 0.20 (–0.25 to 0.64) |
|
|
Treatment control (PA) | 7.88 (1.49) | 7.24 (2.56) | .23 | –0.27 (–0.72 to 0.17) |
|
|
Concern | 6.42 (2.50) | 5.90 (2.65) | .19 | –0.30 (–0.75 to 0.15) |
|
|
Prevention comprehension | 6.67 (2.15) | 6.94 (2.12) | .54 | 0.14 (–0.31 to 0.58) |
| Other outcomes | |||||
|
|
Depressive symptomsk | 5.95 (5.83) | 4.99 (4.58) | .16 | –0.32 (–0.77 to 0.13) |
|
|
Perceived CVD risk (relative) | 3.08 (1.25) | 3.45 (1.86) | .21 | 0.29 (–0.16 to 0.74) |
|
|
Perceived CVD risk (%; absolute) | 48.7 (21.0) | 44.2 (26.8) | .38 | –0.21 (–0.69 to 0.26) |
aCVD: cardiovascular disease.
bP values reported are for paired t tests using pooled multiple imputation data and are not corrected for multiple comparisons. Readers are instead referred to the reported effect sizes and 95% CIs.
cPA: physical activity.
dObjective physical activity data are for individuals with at least 5 days of valid accelerometer wear time at both baseline and 3-month assessment periods (n=40). All other outcomes are reported for individuals who completed both baseline and 3-month questionnaires (n=58).
eMVPA: moderate to vigorous physical activity.
fAverage least active 5-hour period of each day in mg.
gAverage most active 5-hour period of each day in mg.
hENMO: Euclidean Norm Minus One.
iAverage wrist acceleration.
jIPAQ: International Physical Activity Questionnaire.
kLower scores are desirable for this outcome; thus, a negative effect size indicates a favorable result of the intervention.
lHAPA: Health Action Process Approach.