Table 4.

- Comparison of the groups in terms of native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol, native thiol/total thiol levels, albumin.

Time	Low-flow group (n=32)	Mid-flow group (n=25)	High-flow group (n=25)	P-value 1
	Mean±SD
Native thiol
T1	248.17±64.30†	243.66±40.82†	371.65±66.33§	<0.001*
T2	229.18±58.06†	257.37±71.45†	342.10±47.78§	<0.001**
T3	242.27±55.64†,‡	298.74±99.87†	371.71±67.08	<0.001**
P-value 2	0.183**	0.141**	0.014**
Total thiol
T1	268.66±72.30†	268.93±43.14†	394.96±69.18	<0.001**
T2	247.17±61.31†	275.23±73.88†	370.67±53.79	<0.001**
T3	260.83±59.00†,‡	319.61±103.00†	393.61±70.77	<0.001**
P-value 2	0.181**	0.178**	0.224**
Disulfide
T1	10.25±6.29	12.22±6.78	11.66±4.96	0.461*
T2	8.99±4.80†	8.14±4.23†	14.28±7.42	0.001*
T3	9.30±5.53	11.07±4.41	10.94±5.55	0.387*
P-value 2	0.788**	0.383**	0.140**
Disulfide/native thiol percentage
T1	4.03±2.02	5.07±3.11§,†	3.18±1.38	0.019*
T2	4.08±2.23	3.34±1.65§	4.17±2.26	0.334**
T3	3.89±2.33	3.97±1.78	2.98±1.45	0.164*
P-value 2	0.900**	0.038**	0.172**
Disulfide/total thiol percentage
T1	3.67±1.50	4.48±2.52†	2.97±1.19	0.025**
T2	3.69±1.86	3.09±1.46	3.77±1.98	0.366**
T3	3.53±1.94	3.63±1.50	2.65±1.39	0.094*
P-value 2	0.092**	0.297**	0.169**
Native thiol/total thiol percentage
T1	92.65±3.40	91.91±7.67	94.06±2.39	0.305*
T2	92.61±3.72	93.81±2.92	90.40±12.01	0.262*
T3	92.93±3.87	92.74±3.00	94.44±2.52	0.162*
P-value 2	0.092**	0.064**	0.304**
Albumin
T1	3.03±0.47†	2.97±0.35†	3.78±0.17	<0.001*
T2	2.97±0.51†	3.05±0.49†	3.73±0.17	<0.001*
T3	3.070.48†	3.40±0.72†	3.80±0.16	<0.001*
P-value 2	0.335**	0.205**	0.332**

*Kruskal-Wallis test (Post hoc: Mann-Whitney U-test), **One-Way ANOVA test (post hoc: Bonferroni), ^§ p-value ² of <0.05 (compared to T1-T2, native tiol, high-flow group), ^† p-value ¹ of <0.05 (compared to high flow group, disulfide level at time T2 in mid-flow and low flow group), ^§† p-value ² of <0.05 (T2 compared to T1, disulfide/native thiol percentage), T1: pre-induction, T2: 60th minute after induction, T3: postoperative 2nd hour, SD: standard deviation