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. 2022 Jan;43(1):9–30. doi: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.1.20210743
Study Study design Number Gender (male/female) Age (years), median (range) or mean±SD Nationality Participants Collecting method Correlation TP FN FP TN
Williams et al, 10 case-control 89 NR NR Australia symptomatic Only oral cavity saliva   33 6 1 49
Landry et al, 13 cohort 124 NR NR USA 0.851 30 5 0 89
Griesemer et al, 19 463 246/117 14-77 USA mixed Oral cavity saliva (not defined) 91 14 13 345
Bhattacharya et al, 25 case-control 74 NR NR India symptomatic 53 5 0 106
Byrne et al, 26 cohort 110 61/49 NR England Only oral cavity saliva 12 2 0 96
Caulley et al, 20 1939 NR NR Canada mixed 34 22 14 1869
Hanson et al, 14 354 188/166 35 (18-75) USA symptomatic 0.912 75 5 6 268
Moreno-Contreras et al, 12 182 116/137 41±14.4 Mexico Oral cavity saliva (not defined)   41 11 28 102
Pasomsub et al, 7 cross-sectional 200 69/131 36 (28-48) Thailand Only oral cavity saliva 0.851 16 3 2 179
Skolimowska et al, 11 cohort 131 43/89 39 (30-51) England   15 3 1 112
Vaz et al, 16 155 46/103 40 (33-48.5) Brazil 0.922 67 4 2 82
Yokota et al, 8 (airport) 1763 927/832/4 (unknown) 33.5 (22.6-47.4) Japan asymptomatic Oral cavity saliva (not defined) 4 1 0 1758
Yokota et al, 8 (contact) 161 44/26/91 (unknown) 44.9 (29.8-66.4) Japan 38 3 6 114
Güçlü et al, 17 cross-sectional 64 37/27 51.04±17.9 Turkey symptomatic 0.744 23 4 4 33
Senok et al, 21 401 329/72 35.5±9.5 UAE asymptomatic Only oral cavity saliva 0.68 19 7 9 366
Altawalah et al, 18 891 NR NR Kuwait symptomatic Enhanced saliva 0.814 287 57 18 529
Procop et al, 15 224 NR NR USA symptomatic   38 0 1 177
Kandel et al, 23 cohort 429 295/134 42 (30-54) Canada mixed Only oral cavity saliva 0.91 39 4 3 383
Braz-Silva et al, 24 201 75/126 40 (31-52) Brazil symptomatic 55 15 0 131
Babady et al, 22 87 NR NR USA Enhanced saliva 16 1 1 69
Dogan et al, 27 cross-sectional 98 NR NR Turkey Only oral cavity saliva 30 25 5 38
Wong et al, 28 retrospective 229 NR NR China mixed 104 18 37 70
Iwasaki et al, 29 cross-sectional 66 NR NR Japan symptomatic 0.874 8 1 1 66
Kojima et al, 30 prospective cross-sectional 45 NR 45 (21-53) USA Enhanced saliva 20 3 6 16
McCormick-Baw et al, 31 155 NR NR USA Only oral cavity saliva (not defined) 47 2 1 105
Miller et al, 32 cross-sectional 91 NR NR USA mixed Only oral cavity saliva 33 1 1 56
Vogels et al, 33 prospective cross-sectional 67 NR NR USA Only oral cavity saliva (not defined) 32 2 3 30
Boerger et al, 34 281 NR NR USA Only oral cavity saliva 30 3 2 246
Toppings et al, 35 cross-sectional 63 NR NR Canada 28 2 0 33
Xun et al, 36 104 NR NR USA 28 2 1 73
Masse et al, 37 prospective cross-sectional 143 63/80 35 (22.5-49) France symptomatic Enhanced saliva 0.89 51 5 2 85
Sasikala et al, 38 200 140/60 37.9±12.8 India mixed   128 46 0 26
Mohd Thabit et al, 39 96 66/30 34±26 (12-95) Malaysia Only oral cavity saliva 0.69 45 11 4 36
Fernandes et al, 40 cohort 226 91/135 NR Portugal   67 13 4 142
Marx et al, 41 cross-sectional 730 420/310 NR USA symptomatic/mixed/asymptomatic 0.92 46 8 6 436
Abasiyanik et al, 42 cohort 92 NR 45 (30.58) USA symptomatic 16 0 7 69
Alkhateeb et al, 43 prospective cross-sectional 48 26/22 39.9±15.5 USA symptomatic/mixed/asymptomatic Enhanced saliva 12 3 0 18
Bidkar et al, 44 cross-sectional 80 49/31 36.4 India mixed Only oral cavity saliva 13 28 2 33
Stokes et al, 45 prospective cross-sectional 145 75/70 39.4 Canada symptomatic 121 17 2 5
Fernández-González et al, 46 229 91/128 39 (21-48) Spain mixed 0.85 39 7 4 171
Herrera et al, 48 cross-sectional study 2107 NR NR Mexico asymptomatic 0.852 139 34 10 1867
Trobajo-Sanmartín et al, 47 prospective cross-sectional 674 374/300 NR Spain mixed   168 156 3 309

SD: standard deviation, TP: true positive, FN: false negative, FP: false positive, TN: true negative NR: not reported