. 2022 Mar 22;8(3):e09148. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09148

Table 1.

Functional and mechanical properties of ensete starch films.

Sample	Thickness (μm)	Density (g/cm³)	SP (%)	WS (%)	WVP (10⁻⁸ g/m s Pa)	Puncture force (N)
E1.5	156.70^a ± 0.58	1.946^a ± 0.51	84.49^a ± 1.61	17.07^a ± 0.39	1.769^a ± 0.743	5.59^b ± 0.85
E2.0	168.30^a ± 0.76	2.347^a ± 0.12	88.95^a ± 3.52	18.92^a ± 1.29	1.911^a ± 0.751	3.34^a ± 0.96
E2.5	189.00^a ± 3.44	2.437^a ± 0.48	102.26^b ± 8.28	22.32^b ± 3.29	1.977^a ± 0.502	2.48^a ± 0.33

Mean ± SD. Mean with different superscript letters along a column are significantly different (p < 0.05). Experiments were done in triplicate. One-way analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in SPSS (15.0) environment were used to obtain and separate means at p ≤ 0.05, respectively.

E1.5: Film containing 1.5 mL glycerol; E2.0: Film containing 2.0 mL glycerol; E2.5: Film containing 2.5 mL glycerol; SP: Swelling power, WS: Water solubility; WVP: water vapor permeability.