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. 2022 Mar 24;8(3):e09157. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09157

Table 2.

Mann-Kendall Trend Test (MK) and Coefficient Variation (CV-%) analysis for the Air Pollution Index (API) for the year 2010–2016 in each monitoring stations at the six studied Regions which involves. (a) Klang Valley; (b) Northern Region; (c) Southern Region; (d) East Coast; (e) Sarawak; and (f) Sabah.

Station Min Max μ σ CV (%) p-value (α = 0.05) Kendall Slope Significant Trend
(a) Klang Valley Region
Klang 0 450 56 20 37 0.12 0.02 0.00 No
Petaling Jaya 11 196 46 16 35 0.24 0.02 0.00 No
Shah Alam 0 248 47 18 39 0.99 0.00 0.00 No
Kuala Selangor 0 215 40 18 44 <0.00 -0.08 -0.00 Negative
Putrajaya 2 196 43 17 39 <0.00 0.20 0.01 Positive
Cheras 3 164 48 15 31 0.00 -0.04 -0.00 Negative
Batu Muda 10 196 44 18 40 0.00 0.05 0.00 Positive
Banting
0
264
51
17
34
<0.00
0.17
0.00
Positive
(b) Northern Peninsular Malaysia Region
Perai 9 183 40 14 34 0.00 -0.05 -0.00 Negative
Ipoh 2 164 43 13 30 <0.00 0.17 0.00 Positive
Seberang Jaya 8 240 48 14 29 <0.00 0.12 0.00 Positive
Sungai Petani 9 227 47 16 34 <0.00 0.38 0.01 Positive
Taiping 5 149 40 16 41 <0.00 0.16 0.01 Positive
Langkawi 1 223 35 14 40 <0.00 0.27 0.01 Positive
Kangar 2 221 37 14 37 <0.00 0.08 0.00 Positive
Minden 7 196 40 15 37 <0.00 0.34 0.01 Positive
Alor Setar 1 221 38 15 43 <0.00 0.27 0.01 Positive
Seri Manjung 0 270 39 18 44 0.24 0.02 0.00 No
Tanjung Malim 0 166 35 15 43 0.00 0.05 0.00 Positive
Pegoh
2
173
45
14
31
<0.00
0.12
0.00
Positive
(c) Southern Peninsular Region
Pasir Gudang 12 265 47 15 33 <0.00 0.09 0.00 Positive
Bukit Rambai 12 397 53 17 32 <0.00 -0.06 -0.00 Negative
Nilai 0 215 43 16 36 0.70 0.01 0.00 No
Larkin 3 187 42 14 34 <0.00 0.15 0.00 Positive
Melaka 0 351 43 18 43 <0.00 0.12 0.00 Positive
Muar 6 330 43 17 40 <0.00 -0.12 -0.00 Negative
Seremban 6 179 43 16 37 0.00 0.04 0.00 Positive
Port Dickson 0 267 46 15 33 <0.00 -0.06 -0.00 Negative
Kota Tinggi
7
264
43
14
32
0.84
0.00
0.00
No
(d) East Coast Peninsular Region
Kemaman 3 215 45 15 33 <0.00 0.24 0.01 Positive
Jerantut 1 161 32 15 47 <0.00 0.06 0.00 Positive
Kuantan 3 148 37 12 34 <0.00 0.10 0.00 Positive
Balok Baru 0 174 45 16 35 <0.00 -0.25 -0.01 Negative
Kota Bharu 0 120 41 14 34 <0.00 0.14 0.00 Positive
Paka 0 149 34 15 44 <0.00 0.15 0.00 Positive
Kuala Terengganu 2 114 42 13 30 <0.00 -0.17 -0.00 Negative
Tanah Merah
1
119
45
15
33
<0.00
-0.29
-0.01
Negative
(e) Sarawak Region
Kuching 2 187 34 16 46 <0.00 0.18 0.00 Positive
Sibu 5 209 35 14 39 0.01 0.04 0.00 Positive
Bintulu 2 99 38 15 38 0.00 0.04 0.00 Positive
Miri 1 131 30 13 45 <0.00 0.25 0.01 Positive
Sarikei 0 139 37 13 35 <0.00 0.05 0.00 Positive
Limbang 0 82 26 10 40 <0.00 0.10 0.00 Positive
Kota Samarahan 0 170 32 17 52 0.31 -0.01 0.00 No
Sri Aman 0 182 32 17 52 <0.00 0.07 0.00 Positive
Kapit 0 121 29 13 44 0.02 0.03 0.00 Positive
Permyjaya
0
387
27
22
83
<0.00
0.09
0.00
Positive
(f) Sabah Region
Kota Kinabalu 2 84 33 11 33 <0.00 0.15 0.00 Positive
Tawau 1 153 31 10 32 <0.00 -0.14 -0.00 Negative
Keningau 0 95 29 11 36 0.47 -0.01 0.00 No
Sandakan 0 75 29 9 30 0.02 -0.03 -0.00 Negative
Labuan 1 94 32 11 34 <0.00 -0.20 -0.00 Negative