Table 2.
Mann-Kendall Trend Test (MK) and Coefficient Variation (CV-%) analysis for the Air Pollution Index (API) for the year 2010–2016 in each monitoring stations at the six studied Regions which involves. (a) Klang Valley; (b) Northern Region; (c) Southern Region; (d) East Coast; (e) Sarawak; and (f) Sabah.
| Station | Min | Max | μ | σ | CV (%) | p-value (α = 0.05) | Kendall | Slope | Significant Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(a) Klang Valley Region | |||||||||
| Klang | 0 | 450 | 56 | 20 | 37 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.00 | No |
| Petaling Jaya | 11 | 196 | 46 | 16 | 35 | 0.24 | 0.02 | 0.00 | No |
| Shah Alam | 0 | 248 | 47 | 18 | 39 | 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.00 | No |
| Kuala Selangor | 0 | 215 | 40 | 18 | 44 | <0.00 | -0.08 | -0.00 | Negative |
| Putrajaya | 2 | 196 | 43 | 17 | 39 | <0.00 | 0.20 | 0.01 | Positive |
| Cheras | 3 | 164 | 48 | 15 | 31 | 0.00 | -0.04 | -0.00 | Negative |
| Batu Muda | 10 | 196 | 44 | 18 | 40 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Banting |
0 |
264 |
51 |
17 |
34 |
<0.00 |
0.17 |
0.00 |
Positive |
|
(b) Northern Peninsular Malaysia Region | |||||||||
| Perai | 9 | 183 | 40 | 14 | 34 | 0.00 | -0.05 | -0.00 | Negative |
| Ipoh | 2 | 164 | 43 | 13 | 30 | <0.00 | 0.17 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Seberang Jaya | 8 | 240 | 48 | 14 | 29 | <0.00 | 0.12 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Sungai Petani | 9 | 227 | 47 | 16 | 34 | <0.00 | 0.38 | 0.01 | Positive |
| Taiping | 5 | 149 | 40 | 16 | 41 | <0.00 | 0.16 | 0.01 | Positive |
| Langkawi | 1 | 223 | 35 | 14 | 40 | <0.00 | 0.27 | 0.01 | Positive |
| Kangar | 2 | 221 | 37 | 14 | 37 | <0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Minden | 7 | 196 | 40 | 15 | 37 | <0.00 | 0.34 | 0.01 | Positive |
| Alor Setar | 1 | 221 | 38 | 15 | 43 | <0.00 | 0.27 | 0.01 | Positive |
| Seri Manjung | 0 | 270 | 39 | 18 | 44 | 0.24 | 0.02 | 0.00 | No |
| Tanjung Malim | 0 | 166 | 35 | 15 | 43 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Pegoh |
2 |
173 |
45 |
14 |
31 |
<0.00 |
0.12 |
0.00 |
Positive |
|
(c) Southern Peninsular Region | |||||||||
| Pasir Gudang | 12 | 265 | 47 | 15 | 33 | <0.00 | 0.09 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Bukit Rambai | 12 | 397 | 53 | 17 | 32 | <0.00 | -0.06 | -0.00 | Negative |
| Nilai | 0 | 215 | 43 | 16 | 36 | 0.70 | 0.01 | 0.00 | No |
| Larkin | 3 | 187 | 42 | 14 | 34 | <0.00 | 0.15 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Melaka | 0 | 351 | 43 | 18 | 43 | <0.00 | 0.12 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Muar | 6 | 330 | 43 | 17 | 40 | <0.00 | -0.12 | -0.00 | Negative |
| Seremban | 6 | 179 | 43 | 16 | 37 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Port Dickson | 0 | 267 | 46 | 15 | 33 | <0.00 | -0.06 | -0.00 | Negative |
| Kota Tinggi |
7 |
264 |
43 |
14 |
32 |
0.84 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
No |
|
(d) East Coast Peninsular Region | |||||||||
| Kemaman | 3 | 215 | 45 | 15 | 33 | <0.00 | 0.24 | 0.01 | Positive |
| Jerantut | 1 | 161 | 32 | 15 | 47 | <0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Kuantan | 3 | 148 | 37 | 12 | 34 | <0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Balok Baru | 0 | 174 | 45 | 16 | 35 | <0.00 | -0.25 | -0.01 | Negative |
| Kota Bharu | 0 | 120 | 41 | 14 | 34 | <0.00 | 0.14 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Paka | 0 | 149 | 34 | 15 | 44 | <0.00 | 0.15 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Kuala Terengganu | 2 | 114 | 42 | 13 | 30 | <0.00 | -0.17 | -0.00 | Negative |
| Tanah Merah |
1 |
119 |
45 |
15 |
33 |
<0.00 |
-0.29 |
-0.01 |
Negative |
|
(e) Sarawak Region | |||||||||
| Kuching | 2 | 187 | 34 | 16 | 46 | <0.00 | 0.18 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Sibu | 5 | 209 | 35 | 14 | 39 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Bintulu | 2 | 99 | 38 | 15 | 38 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Miri | 1 | 131 | 30 | 13 | 45 | <0.00 | 0.25 | 0.01 | Positive |
| Sarikei | 0 | 139 | 37 | 13 | 35 | <0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Limbang | 0 | 82 | 26 | 10 | 40 | <0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Kota Samarahan | 0 | 170 | 32 | 17 | 52 | 0.31 | -0.01 | 0.00 | No |
| Sri Aman | 0 | 182 | 32 | 17 | 52 | <0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Kapit | 0 | 121 | 29 | 13 | 44 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Permyjaya |
0 |
387 |
27 |
22 |
83 |
<0.00 |
0.09 |
0.00 |
Positive |
|
(f) Sabah Region | |||||||||
| Kota Kinabalu | 2 | 84 | 33 | 11 | 33 | <0.00 | 0.15 | 0.00 | Positive |
| Tawau | 1 | 153 | 31 | 10 | 32 | <0.00 | -0.14 | -0.00 | Negative |
| Keningau | 0 | 95 | 29 | 11 | 36 | 0.47 | -0.01 | 0.00 | No |
| Sandakan | 0 | 75 | 29 | 9 | 30 | 0.02 | -0.03 | -0.00 | Negative |
| Labuan | 1 | 94 | 32 | 11 | 34 | <0.00 | -0.20 | -0.00 | Negative |