Question 2A:

Very low GRADE	Children with CVI seem to have a suboptimal visual acuity and a lower discrimination speed. (Fazzi et al., 2007; Barsingerhorn et al., 2018)
Moderate GRADE	Visual acuity, visual field, stereopsis and color were compromised when a cortical damage was present (Tinelli et al., 2020).
Low GRADE	The ratio between grating visual acuity and crowded visual acuity was significantly higher in children with pathology of the eye and/or brain damage than in typically developing children A poorer crowding ratio is found in children with CVI compared to normally sighted (healthy) children. A higher crowding ratio was also found in nystagmus and amblyopia (Huurneman et al., 2012; van der Zee et al., 2017).
Very low GRADE	Children with CVI as a result of cerebral palsy more often seem to have reduced contrast sensitivity (Fazzi et al., 2007, 2012).
Low GRADE	DH log10 CS test can be used in children diagnosed with ocular disorders or CVI, Contrast sensitivity was reduced in CVI. Inter-examiner reliability was comparable to that of adults tested previously using the same stimuli and methods (Mayer et al., 2020).
Very low GRADE	Children with CVI seem to show abnormal optokinetic nystagmus more frequently. Strabismus is found more frequently in CVI. Abnormal smooth pursuit movements are found more often in CVI (Fazzi et al., 2007).
Moderate GRADE	Ocular motricity (and in particular fixation and saccades) were compromised in presence of subcortical brain damage (Tinelli et al., 2020).
Very low GRADE	Deviation in saccades are found more often in children with CVI. Ref (Fazzi et al., 2012; Barsingerhorn et al., 2019). Ophthalmological findings that are often found in CVI are strabismus (59%), optic atrophy (42%), nystagmus (12%) and significant refraction anomalies (20%). Visual functions also are deviating in CVI but in 50% of cases, these functions can develop in time (Khetpal and Donahue, 2007).
Moderate GRADE	In children with CVI optic nerve parameters (OCT, HRT) differ from typically developing children (optic disk surface, cup/disk ratio). (Ruberto et al., 2006)
	With OCT retrograde transsynnaptic (RTSD) degeneration can be detected (Lennartsson et al., 2021) The ganglion cell thinning corresponded with the visual field defects and the extent and location of the primary brain damage. The most important sign of RTSD was asymmetry of the ganglion cell topography within the macular area (Jacobson et al., 2019).
Low GRADE	Children with CVI frequently show visual field abnormalities.; Hemianopia, upper or lower visual field defect, and constriction of visual field. Ref (Dutton et al., 1996; Fazzi et al., 2007; Saidkasimova et al., 2007; Luckman et al., 2020).
	In children with CVI the full field peritest (FFP) had best reliability with 44% “good” scores versus 22% for Goldmann perimetry (Portengen et al., 2020).