Table 2.
Association of CVAI, VAI, BMI, WC, WHtR, WHR and LDL-C with hypertension and prehypertension.
| Hypertension | Pre-hypertension | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Model 0 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 0 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| CVAI | ||||||||
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Q2 | 2.186(2.025,2.359)*** | 1.811(1.673,1.960)*** | 1.807(1.669,1.956)*** | 1.768(1.628,1.920)*** | 1.896(1.771,2.029)*** | 1.705(1.589,1.829)*** | 1.703(1.587,1.828)*** | 1.613(1.497,1.739)*** |
| Q3 | 3.765(3.497,4.053)*** | 2.672(2.470,2.889)*** | 2.648(2.448,2.865)*** | 2.523(2.314,2.750)*** | 2.990(2.778,3.218)*** | 2.469(2.282,2.671)*** | 2.464(2.277,2.666)*** | 2.233(2.044,2.440)*** |
| Q4 | 6.840(6.357,7.360)*** | 3.850(3.548,4.178)*** | 3.782(3.483,4.106)*** | 3.475(3.158,3.824)*** | 4.452(4.089,4.848)*** | 3.214(2.924,3.533)*** | 3.185(2.896,3.503)*** | 2.747(2.460,3.068)*** |
| VAI | ||||||||
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Q2 | 1.287(1.747,1.986)*** | 1.408(1.311,1.512)*** | 1.416(1.318,1.521)*** | 1.371(1.267,1.484)*** | 1.227(1.143,1.317)*** | 1.358(1.260,1.464)*** | 1.365(1.266,1.471)*** | 1.327(1.220,1.444)*** |
| Q3 | 1.562(1.464,1.667)*** | 1.751(1.631,1.880)*** | 1.752(1.631,1.882)*** | 1.632(1.492,1.786)*** | 1.595(1.483,1.715)*** | 1.823(1.686,1.970)*** | 1.829(1.692,1.977)*** | 1.702(1.539,1.882)*** |
| Q4 | 1.863(1.747,1.986)*** | 2.247(2.092,2.413)*** | 2.227(2.072,2.393)*** | 1.895(1.685,2.133)*** | 1.899(1.761,2.047)*** | 2.247(2.072,2.435)*** | 2.246(2.070,2.436)*** | 1.889(1.645,2.168)*** |
| LDL,mmol/L | ||||||||
| Ideal level | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Appropriate level | 1.182(1.120,1.374)*** | 1.003(0.945,1.064) | 1.015(0.956,1.077) | 1.102(1.019,1.191)* | 1.278(1.202,1.358)*** | 1.133(1.062,1.209)*** | 1.138(1.066,1.214)*** | 1.173(1.075,1.280)** |
| Borderline high | 1.521(1.428,1.619)*** | 1.189(1.109,1.274)*** | 1.216(1.133,1.304)*** | 1.376(1.229,1.540)*** | 1.407(1.306,1.517)*** | 1.165(1.075,1.263)*** | 1.182(1.090,1.282)*** | 1.219(1.069,1.390)** |
| High | 1.863(1.747,1.986)*** | 1.272(1.167,1.385)*** | 1.297(1.190,1.414)*** | 1.548(1.315,1.821)*** | 1.684(1.528,1.857)*** | 1.342(1.208,1.490)*** | 1.359(1.223,1.510)*** | 1.399(1.153,1.697)*** |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | ||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Overweight | 2.145(2.039,2.255)*** | 1.918(1.817,2.024)*** | 1.897(1.797,2.002)*** | 1.755(1.660,1.856)*** | 1.928(1.821,2.042)*** | 1.806(1.701,1.916)*** | 1.799(1.695,1.909)*** | 1.642(1.544,1.747)*** |
| Obesity | 3.587(3.358,3.832)*** | 2.913(2.712,3.129)*** | 2.857(2.659,3.070)*** | 2.562(2.378,2.761)*** | 3.002(2.726,3.307)*** | 2.649(2.396,2.930)*** | 2.620(2.369(2.898)*** | 2.300(2.073,2.551)*** |
| WHtR | ||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| High | 2.973(2.804,3.153)*** | 2.140(2.010,2.277)*** | 2.101(1.974,2.237)*** | 1.855(1.739,1.979)*** | 1.528(1.457,1.603)*** | 1.459(1.389,1.533)*** | 1.461(1.390,1.535)*** | 1.365(1.296,1.438)*** |
| WC | ||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| High | 2.541(2.427,2.662)*** | 1.857(1.766,1.952)*** | 1.829(1.739,1.924)*** | 1.653(1.569,1.741)*** | 2.210(2.093,2.334)*** | 1.855(1.751,1.964)*** | 1.842(1.739,1.951)*** | 1.656(1.560,1.758)*** |
| WHR | ||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| High | 1.743(1.642,1.850)*** | 1.772(1.655,1.898)*** | 1.735(1.619,1.859)*** | 1.536(1.431,1.648)*** | 1.465(1.378,1.557)*** | 1.629(1.519,1.746)*** | 1.612(1.503,1.728)*** | 1.413(1.315,1.518)*** |
Model 0 was unadjusted. Model 1 was adjusted for center, age and sex. Model 2 was additionally adjusted for previously diagnosed CVD, previously diagnosed diabetes, current smoking status, current drinking status, marital status, physical activity. Model 3 was additionally adjusted for eGFR, HbA1C, GGT, AST ALT, TG, TC, HDL-C and SCr.
***P <0.001, **P <0.01, *P <0.05.
CVAI chinese visceral adiposity index, VAI visceral adiposity index, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHtR waist to height ratio, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, ALT alanine transferase, AST aspartate transferase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, TG triglyceride, TC Total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CVD cardiovascular disease, SCr creatinine.