Table 3.
Association of the CVAI, VAI, BMI, WC, WHtR, WHR, LDL-C index with hypertension and prehypertension by sex.
| Hypertension | Pre-hypertension | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | Female | Male | Female | ||||
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| CVAI | ||||||||
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Q2 | 1.441 (1.237,1.679) | <0.001 | 1.916 (1.734,2.116) | <0.001 | 1.622 (1.389,1.894) | <0.001 | 1.610 (1.476,1.756) | <0.001 |
| Q3 | 2.043 (1.760,2.371) | <0.001 | 2.758 (2.474,3.037) | <0.001 | 1.802 (1.532,2.119) | <0.001 | 2.436 (2.185,2.716) | <0.001 |
| Q4 | 2.762 (2.369,3.221) | <0.001 | 3.935 (3.465,4.469) | <0.001 | 2.605 (2.176,3.119) | <0.001 | 2.854 (2.465,3.304) | <0.001 |
| VAI | ||||||||
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Q2 | 1.351 (1.190,1.535) | <0.001 | 1.387 (1.252,1.536) | <0.001 | 1.408 (1.205,1.646) | <0.001 | 1.299 (1.174,1.437) | <0.001 |
| Q3 | 1.486 (1.281,1.724) | <0.001 | 1.690 (1.506,1.897) | <0.001 | 1.678 (1.393,2.021) | <0.001 | 1.692 (1.500,1.908) | <0.001 |
| Q4 | 1.720 (1.402,2.110) | <0.001 | 1.933 (1.668,2.239) | <0.001 | 1.814 (1.392,2.364) | <0.001 | 1.851 (1.572,2.180) | <0.001 |
| LDL,mmol/L | ||||||||
| Ideal level | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Appropriate level | 1.102 (0.964,1.259) | 0.154 | 1.099 (0.998,1.211) | 0.056 | 1.043 (0.884,1.231) | 0.619 | 1.226 (1.106,1.358) | <0.001 |
| Borderline high | 1.389 (1.137,1.697) | 0.001 | 1.366 (1.191,1.568) | <0.001 | 1.020 (0.788,1.320) | 0.882 | 1.296 (1.112,1.510) | 0.001 |
| High | 1.451 (1.080,1.948) | 0.013 | 1.575 (1.293,1.917) | <0.001 | 1.171 (0.793,1.729) | 0.429 | 1.498 (1.196,1.875) | <0.001 |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | ||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Overweight | 1.993 (1.805,2.201) | <0.001 | 1.639 (1.531,1.755) | <0.001 | 1.767 (1.567,1.993) | <0.001 | 1.592 (1.481,1.712) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 2.751 (2.400,3.153) | <0.001 | 2.461 (2.250,2.693) | <0.001 | 2.569 (2.086,3.163) | <0.001 | 2.209 (1.959,2.492) | <0.001 |
| WHtR | ||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| High | 1.295 (1.179,1.422) | <0.001 | 1.811 (1.670,1.964) | <0.001 | 1.292 (1.177,1.420) | <0.001 | 1.393 (1.309,1.483) | <0.001 |
| WC | ||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| High | 1.749 (1.596,1.917) | <0.001 | 1.587 (1.488,1.692) | <0.001 | 1.546 (1.375,1.740) | <0.001 | 1.668 (1.574,1.810) | <0.001 |
| WHR | ||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| High | 1.461 (1.333,1.601) | <0.001 | 1.692 (1.510,1.895) | <0.001 | 1.369 (1.224,1.530) | <0.001 | 1.459 (1.328,1.604) | <0.001 |
Adjusted for center, age, previously diagnosed CVD, previously diagnosed diabetes, current smoking status, current drinking status, marital status, physical activity, eGFR, HbA1C, GGT, AST ALT, TG, TC, HDL-C and SCr.
CVAI chinese visceral adiposity index, VAI visceral adiposity index, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHtR waist to height ratio, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, ALT alanine transferase, AST aspartate transferase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, TG triglyceride, TC Total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CVD cardiovascular disease, SCr creatinine.