Table 4.
Association of CVAI, VAI, BMI, WC, WHtR, WHR and LDL-C with hypertension and prehypertension by blood glucose.
| Hypertension | Pre-hypertension | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| glucose,mmol/L | FBG < 6.1 and PBG < 7.8 | 6.11≤FBG<7.0 or 7.8≤PBG<11.1 | FBG≥7.0 or PBG ≥11.1 | FBG < 6.1 and PBG < 7.8 | 6.11≤FBG<7.0 or 7.8≤PBG<11.1 | FBG≥7.0 or PBG ≥11.1 | ||||||||
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
|
CVAI
| ||||||||||||||
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Q2 | 1.706(1.503,1.936) | <0.001 | 1.700(1.503,1.922) | <0.001 | 1.578(1.211,2.057) | 0.001 | 1.648(1.487,1.827) | <0.001 | 1.466(1.298,1.655) | <0.001 | 1.433(1.070,1.920) | 0.016 | ||
| Q3 | 2.259(1.959,2.606) | <0.001 | 2.289(2.019,2.595) | <0.001 | 2.535(1.959,3.280) | <0.001 | 2.307(2.021,2.632) | <0.001 | 1.944(1.698,2.227) | <0.001 | 1.958(1.437,2.670) | <0.001 | ||
| Q4 | 3.561(3.017,4.202) | <0.001 | 3.162(2.758,3.625) | <0.001 | 2.715(2.075,3.552) | <0.001 | 2.513(2.104,3.000) | <0.001 | 2.526(2.145,2.973) | <0.001 | 2.835(2.006,4.006) | <0.001 | ||
| VAI | ||||||||||||||
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Q2 | 1.230(1.081,1.399) | <0.001 | 1.344(1.198,1.508) | <0.001 | 1.559(1.237,1.963) | <0.001 | 1.279(1.136,1.439) | <0.001 | 1.332(1.163,1.526) | <0.001 | 1.061(0.771,1.461) | 0.134 | ||
| Q3 | 1.335(1.140,1.564) | <0.001 | 1.600(1.408,1.818) | <0.001 | 1.720(1.343,2.203) | <0.001 | 1.530(1.313,1.782) | <0.001 | 1.718(1.471,2.008) | <0.001 | 1.453(1.024,2.063) | 0.037 | ||
| Q4 | 1.787(1.431,2.231) | 0.002 | 1.710(1.451,2.015) | <0.001 | 1.699(1.258,2.294) | 0.001 | 1.658(1.316,2.088) | <0.001 | 1.855(1.515,2.270) | <0.001 | 1.396(0.903,2.158) | 0.715 | ||
| LDL,mmol/L | ||||||||||||||
| Ideal level | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Appropriate level | 1.087(0.947,1.248) | 0.237 | 1.157(1.038,1.290) | 0.008 | 0.903(0.735,1.110) | 0.331 | 1.162(1.023,1.320) | 0.021 | 1.213(1.063,1.385) | 0.004 | 1.011(0.749,1.366) | 0.942 | ||
| Borderline high | 1.314(1.072,1.611) | 0.008 | 1.406(1.203,1.643) | <0.001 | 1.200(0.893,1.612) | 0.226 | 1.180(0.972,1.432) | 0.095 | 1.277(1.049,1.555) | 0.015 | 0.981(0.622,1.547) | 0.934 | ||
| High | 1.375(1.021,1.851) | 0.036 | 1.571(1.256,1.964) | <0.001 | 1.540(1.009,2.352) | 0.046 | 1.401(1.051,1.868) | 0.021 | 1.470(1.101,1.961) | 0.009 | 0.973(0.501,1.890) | 0.935 | ||
| BMI, Kg/m2 | ||||||||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Overweight | 1.787(1.623,1.967) | <0.001 | 1.632(1.508,1.765) | <0.001 | 1.734(1.493,2.015) | <0.001 | 1.713(1.565,1.876) | <0.001 | 1.495(1.361,1.642) | <0.001 | 1.604(1.301,1.977) | <0.001 | ||
| Obesity | 2.949(2.558,3.400) | <0.001 | 2.298(2.077,2.543) | <0.001 | 2.048(1.698,2.470) | <0.001 | 2.118(1.785,2.514) | <0.001 | 2.186(1.887,2.533) | <0.001 | 2.446(1.793,3.336) | <0.001 | ||
| WHtR | ||||||||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| High | 1.793(1.615,1.992) | <0.001 | 1.717(1.564,1.885) | <0.001 | 1.990(1.644,2.409) | <0.001 | 1.457(1.350,1.572) | <0.001 | 1.254(1.158,1.357) | <0.001 | 1.067(0.900,1.266) | 0.454 | ||
| WC | ||||||||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| High | 1.726(1.575,1.891) | <0.001 | 1.561(1.452,1.679) | <0.001 | 1.483(1.291,1.705) | <0.001 | 1.589(1.372,1.684) | <0.001 | 1.655(1.512,1.812) | <0.001 | 1.578(1.296,1.920) | <0.001 | ||
| WHR | ||||||||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| High | 1.537(1.361,1.735) | <0.001 | 1.473(1.334,1.626) | <0.001 | 1.517(1.252,1.839) | <0.001 | 1.436(1.297,1.591) | <0.001 | 1.391(1.243,1.557) | <0.001 | 1.219(0.946,1.571) | 0.125 | ||
Adjusted for center, age, sex, previously diagnosed CVD, previously diagnosed diabetes, current smoking status, current drinking status, marital status, physical activity, eGFR, GGT, AST ALT, TG, TC, HDL-C and SCr.
CVAI chinese visceral adiposity index, VAI visceral adiposity index, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHtR waist to height ratio, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, ALT alanine transferase, AST aspartate transferase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, TG triglyceride, TC Total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CVD cardiovascular disease, SCr creatinine.