Table 5.
Association of CVAI, VAI, BMI, WC, WHtR, WHR and LDL-C with hypertension and prehypertension by age.
| Hypertension | Pre-hypertension | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| age,year | age<55 | 55≤age<65 | age≥65 | age<55 | 55≤age<65 | age≥65 | ||||||
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| CVAI | ||||||||||||
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Q2 | 2.160 (1.909,2.445) | <0.001 | 1.639 (1.439,1.867) | <0.001 | 1.307 (1.033,1.654) | 0.026 | 1.679 (1.517,1.859) | <0.001 | 1.701 (1.503,1.924) | <0.001 | 1.308 (0.987,1.732) | 0.061 |
| Q3 | 3.325 (2.888,3.827) | <0.001 | 2.386 (2.089,2.725) | <0.001 | 1.738 (1.387,2.178) | <0.001 | 2.430 (2.126,2.778) | <0.001 | 2.317 (2.018,2.661) | <0.001 | 1.848 (1.398,2.442) | <0.001 |
| Q4 | 4.658 (3.929,5.523) | <0.001 | 3.328 (2.878,3.849) | <0.001 | 2.564 (2.036,3.227) | <0.001 | 2.997 (2.464,3.596) | <0.001 | 3.158 (2.659,3.752) | <0.001 | 2.068 (1.542,2.771) | <0.001 |
| VAI | ||||||||||||
| Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Q2 | 1.438 (1.251,1.652) | <0.001 | 1.342 (1.189,1.515) | <0.001 | 1.319 (1.124,1.548) | 0.001 | 1.371 (1.216,1.547) | <0.001 | 1.362 (1.188,1.562) | <0.001 | 1.137 (0.897,1.442) | 0.289 |
| Q3 | 1.796 (1.533,2.104) | <0.001 | 1.541 (1.344,1.768) | <0.001 | 1.585 (1.314,1.911) | <0.001 | 1.892 (1.637,2.187) | <0.001 | 1.592 (1.354,1.873) | <0.001 | 1.437 (1.073,1.925) | 0.015 |
| Q4 | 2.309 (1.888,2.825) | <0.001 | 1.778 (1.485,2.219) | <0.001 | 1.683 (1.307,2.167) | <0.001 | 2.024 (1.663,2.464) | <0.001 | 2.037 (1.625,2.554) | <0.001 | 1.130 (0.753,1.696) | 0.556 |
| LDL,mmol/L | ||||||||||||
| Ideal level | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Appropriate level | 1.101 (0.959,1.266) | 0.173 | 1.082 (0.961,1.219) | 0.191 | 1.062 (0.908,1.242) | 0.451 | 1.203 (1.060,1.365) | 0.004 | 1.211 (1.054,1.392) | 0.007 | 0.961 (0.754,1.224) | 0.748 |
| Borderline high | 1.365 (1.113,1.674) | 0.003 | 1.320 (1.116,1.562) | 0.001 | 1.409 (1.117,1.777) | 0.004 | 1.225 (1.009,1.487) | 0.04 | 1.320 (1.076,1.619) | 0.008 | 0.966 (0.666,1.401) | 0.856 |
| High | 1.687 (1.257,2.265) | <0.001 | 1.540 (1.212,1.956) | <0.001 | 1.288 (0.917,1.809) | 0.144 | 1.418 (1.062,1.892) | 0.018 | 1.492 (1.106,2.011) | 0.009 | 1.195 (0.692,2.064) | 0.522 |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | ||||||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Overweight | 1.998 (1.802,2.214) | <0.001 | 1.678 (1.542,1.825) | <0.001 | 1.588 (1.422,1.773) | <0.001 | 1.706 (1.559,1.867) | <0.001 | 1.623 (1.471,1.791) | <0.001 | 1.390 (1.173,1.647) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 3.266 (2.863,3.725) | <0.001 | 2.349 (2.095,2.633) | <0.001 | 2.030 (1.750,2.355) | <0.001 | 2.648 (2.275,3.081) | <0.001 | 2.037 (1.722,2.409) | <0.001 | 1.896 (1.452,2.476) | <0.001 |
| WHtR | ||||||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| High | 2.042 (1.832,2.276) | <0.001 | 1.846 (1.675,2.035) | <0.001 | 1.651 (1.427,1.910) | <0.001 | 1.507 (1.394,1.629) | <0.001 | 1.349 (1.243,.464) | <0.001 | 0.993 (0.865,1.139) | 0.915 |
| WC | ||||||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| High | 1.843 (1.678,2.024) | <0.001 | 1.621 (1.499,1.754) | <0.001 | 1.521 (1.367,1.691) | <0.001 | 1.769 (1.619,1.932) | <0.001 | 1.665 (1.514,1.831) | <0.001 | 1.421 (1.211,1.668) | <0.001 |
| WHR | ||||||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| High | 1.648 (1.457,1.864) | <0.001 | 1.570 (1.412,1.747) | <0.001 | 1.392 (1.203,1.612) | <0.001 | 1.467 (1.324,1.625) | <0.001 | 1.385 (1.234,1.555) | <0.001 | 1.411 (1.146,1.737) | 0.001 |
Adjusted for center, sex, previously diagnosed CVD, previously diagnosed diabetes, current smoking status, current drinking status, marital status, physical activity, eGFR, HbA1C, GGT, AST ALT, TG, TC, HDL-C and SCr.
CVAI chinese visceral adiposity index, VAI visceral adiposity index, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHtR waist to height ratio, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, ALT alanine transferase, AST aspartate transferase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, TG triglyceride, TC Total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CVD cardiovascular disease, SCr creatinine.