Table 2.
Summary of studies describing TB disease in children with severe acute malnutrition.
| Author (Year) | Country | Specific SAM Population | Age of Children with SAM (months) | Number with SAM | Number (%) with TB | Source of microbiologic diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bates (2016)[20] | Zambia | Inpatients <15 with in-hospital mortality | Median 19 IQR 12 – 45 |
60 | 8 (13·3) | Histopathology |
| Bhat (2013)[21] | India | Inpatients <5 | 49% between 12 – 35 months | 1173 | 19 (1·6) | 34 had AFB smear done on sputa (all negative) |
| Chisti (2014)[24] | Bangladesh | Inpatients <5 with radiological pneumonia | Median 10 IQR 5 – 18 |
405 | Confirmed: 27 (6·7) Total: 87 (21·5) |
Xpert MTB/RIF & MGIT culture on induced sputum & gastric aspirates |
| De Maayer (2011)[25] | South Africa | Inpatients | Median 10 Range 1 – 34 |
113 | Confirmed: 5 (4) Suspected & started on ATT: 27 (24) |
AFB smear & culture on induced sputum & gastric aspirates on all with suspected TB |
| Girum (2017)[17] | Ethiopia | Inpatients <5 | Median 24 IQR 12 – 36 |
545 | 41 (7·5) | NR |
| Ide (2019)[26] | Sierra Leone | Inpatients <5 | Median 11 SD 9·9 |
74 | 15 (20) | Intermittent use of Xpert MTB/RIF |
| Kumar (2014)[23] | India | Inpatients <5 | Mean 14 | 104 | 23 (22·1) | NR |
| LaCourse (2015) [19] | Malawi | Inpatients <5 | Median 18·5 IQR 12·1 – 25·6 |
300 | Confirmed: 2 (0·7) Probable: 20 (6·7%) Started on ATT: 132 (44) |
Xpert MTB/RIF and MGIT culture on induced sputum |
| Munthali (2017) [18] | Zambia | Inpatients <5 | Median 17 IQR 22 to 55 |
9540 | Confirmed: 37 (0·4) Total: 151 (1·6) |
ZN smear on gastric aspirates |
| Osório (2020)[27] | Mozambique | Inpatients <5 | Mean 17 SD 5·0 |
45 | Confirmed: 2 (4·4) Total: 17 (37·8) |
Culture on nasopharyngeal aspirates |
| Wagnew (2018)[22] | Ethiopia | Meta-analysis of four studies of inpatients <5 | NR | 2008 | 126 (6·3) | NR |
AFB: acid-fast bacilli; ATT: anti-tuberculosis therapy; IQR: interquartile range; NR: not reported; SD: standard deviation; ZN: Zeihl Neelsen