Table 1.
Overview of Included Studies (n = 24).
| Study | Evidence | Aim | Design | Framework | Setting Population | Study participants | Data collection | Outcomes | Measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahlqvist-Björkroth et al. (2019), Finland | Family-centered care (FCC) | To examine if an educational intervention for neonatal staff affected depression symptoms among mothers of preterm infants | Uncontrolled pre–post study | — | NICU Neonates |
Family members (pre n = 145, post n = 93) | Survey | Postpartum depression | EPDS |
| Antolick et al. (2020), United States | Post-Hospitalization Action Grid (PHAG) (FFI) | To evaluate a quality improvement initiative to improve the communication of post-discharge goals for children with medical complexity | Quantitative process evaluation study | CFIR | Acute care Children |
Family members (n = 6) Nurses & care managers (n = 9) |
Survey Clinical documentation |
Integrated care Usability Reach (%) |
PSPIC Self-developed survey |
| Beierwaltes et al. (2020), United States | Evidence-based family nursing (FSN) | To describe and evaluate the implementation of an educational intervention (digital storytelling) designed to initiate practice changes that support families and nurses during acute illness | Uncontrolled pre–post study | KTA | ICU Adults |
Nurses (n = 36) Family members (pre n = 50, post n = 48) |
Survey | Nurse skills Family-perceived nursing support |
FNPS ICE-FPSQ |
| Blöndal et al. (2014), Iceland | Calgary Family Assessment & Intervention Models (FSN) | To examine attitudes of nurses about the importance of the family before and after implementation of a FSN educational intervention | Uncontrolled pre–post study | KTA | Acute care Adults |
Nurses (pre n = 180, post n = 130) | Survey | Attitudes | FINC-NA |
| Boztepe & Kerimoğlu Yıldız. (2017), Turkey | Family-centered care/nursing rounds (FCC) | To explore the views of nurses regarding the practice of FCC | Qualitative thematic content analysis study | — | Acute care Children |
Nurses (n = 18) | Semi-structured interviews | Implementation experience | — |
| Duke et al. (2020), United Kingdom | Family-focused support intervention (FFI) | To implement research evidence for family support at the end-of-life and assess the potential for the intervention to be used in acute hospital care | Qualitative process evaluation with framework analysis | NPT | Acute care Adults |
Nurse co-researchers (n not given) | Intervention log (n = 22) In-depth evaluation meetings (n = 5) |
Implementation process | |
| Eggenberger & Sanders. (2016), United States | Evidence-based family nursing (FSN) | To examine the influence of an educational intervention on nurses’ attitudes toward and confidence in providing family care | Uncontrolled pre–post study | KTA | ICU Adults |
Nurses (pre n = 30; post n = 14) Family members (pre only n = 35) |
Survey | Nurse skills Family-perceived nursing support |
FNPS ICE-FPSQ |
| Gomes da Silva et al. (2016), Brazil | Family-centered care (FCC) | To describe the challenges and strategies used for implementation of family-centered care in newborns | Qualitative thematic content analysis study | — | NICU Neonates |
Nurses (n = 14) | Semi-structured interviews | Implementation experience | |
| Hamilton et al. (2020), United States | Guideline-based family-centered care engagement (FCC) | To gain deeper insight into facilitators and barriers of international family engagement practices | Qualitative thematic content analysis study | — | ICU Adults |
Physicians (n = 107) ICU directors (n = 74) ICU nurse managers (n = 33) |
Survey | Barriers/facilitators | Online open-ended question survey |
| Kleinpell et al. (2019), United States | Guideline-based family-centered care engagement (FCC) |
To examine the impact of a national collaborative to implement a patient- and family-centered care engagement on family satisfaction and family centeredness | Process evaluation | PDSA cycle | ICU Adults, Children |
Clinicians (pre n = 2,942, post n = 1,057) Family members (pre n = 1,705, post n = 825) |
Survey | Family Satisfaction with care Family centeredness |
FS-ICU 24 Patient- and Family-Centered Adult Intensive Care: A Self-Assessment Inventory |
| MacKay & Gregory (2011), Canada | Family-centered care (FCC) | To explore nurses’ experience of implementing FCC in pediatric oncology | Qualitative study (no detail given) | — | Acute care Children |
Nurses (n = 20) | Semi-structured interviews | Implementation experience | |
| Maree et al. (2017), South Africa | Family-centered care (FCC) | To examine the development and implementation a quality improvement initiative to foster FCC in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit from birth onward | Uncontrolled pre–post study | — | NICU Neonates |
Nurses (pre n = 31, post n = 22) Parents (pre n = 49, post n = 32) |
Survey | Family centeredness | CDI |
| Mirlashari et al. (2019), Iran | Family-centered care (FCC) | To explore the lived experiences of NICU nurses on implementing FCC | Qualitative phenomenological study | — | NICU Neonates |
Nurses (n = 11) | Semi-structured interviews | Implementation experience | — |
| Naef, Kaeppeli, et al., . (2020), Switzerland | Calgary Family Assessment & Intervention Models (FSN) | To examine the processes and outcomes of a family systems care educational intervention on nurses’ and midwives’ attitudes, skills, and implementation experience | Mixed methods: uncontrolled pre–post and content analysis study | — | Acute Care Adults |
Nurses & midwives (survey n = 47, focus groups n = 26) | Survey Focus groups |
Nurse skill Attitudes Implementation experience |
FNPS FINC-NA |
| Naef, Kläusler-Troxler, et al. (2020), Switzerland | Calgary Family Assessment & Intervention Models (FSN) | To examine the impact of family systems care implementation activities on neonatal nurses’ and physicians’ attitudes and skills in working with families, and to explore their implementation experience | Mixed methods: uncontrolled pre–post and content analysis study | — | NICU Neonates |
Nurses & physicians (survey n = 65, focus groups n = 17) | Survey Focus groups |
Nurse skill Attitudes Implementation experience |
FNPS FINC-NA |
| Petrusdottir et al. (2019), Iceland | Calgary Family Assessment & Intervention Models (FSN) | To evaluate the impact of an advanced educational and coaching program on nurse skills and illness beliefs | Process evaluation | KTA | Transition Adults |
Nurses (pre & post n = 11) | Survey | Nurse skills Illness beliefs |
FNPS ICE-HCP-IBQ |
| Shah-Anwar et al. (2019), United Kingdom | Family-centered care (FCC) | To synthesize the qualitative evidence of mental health professionals’ perspectives and experiences of implementing family-focused practice across child and adult settings | Literature review | — | Mental health Adults and adolescent |
Studies (n = 9) | Systematic search | Implementation experience | - |
| Svavarsdottir et al. (2015), Iceland | Calgary Family Assessment & Intervention Models (FSN) | To evaluate strategies that were used to facilitate implementation of FSN in an acute care hospital |
Uncontrolled pre–post study with independent samples | KTA | Acute care Adults |
Nurses (pre n = 456, post n = 411) | Survey | Attitude Knowledge |
FINC-NA NKC |
| Toivonen et al. (2019), Finland | Family-centered care (FCC) | To describe staff’s perceptions of the implementation of the Close Collaboration with Parents Training Program and to identify the barriers and facilitators of the implementation | Qualitative thematic content analysis study | i-PARIHS | NICU Neonates |
Unit managers (n = 19) Nurses (n = 32) |
Semi-structured interviews Focus groups |
Implementation experience |
— |
| Weis et al. (2014), Denmark | Family-centered care (FCC) | To evaluate and adjust systematic implementation of guided FCC in a neonatal intensive care unit | Quantitative process evaluation study | — | NICU Neonates |
Nurses (n = 45) | Survey, Implementation documentation | Intervention fidelity assessment | — |
| Wells et al. (2014), Australia | C-Frame: connect, collaborate and change (FFI) | To determine nurses’ attitudes to EBP, adopting EBP interventions, and their perceptions of organizational support | Mixed methods: pre–post and thematic analysis study | — | Community mental health Children |
Nurses (quantitative n = 27, qualitative n = 14) | Survey Focus groups |
Attitudes toward EBP Perception of organizational support Implementation experience |
Evidence-based Attitude Scale Self-developed |
| Wong (2014), China | Family systems nursing (FSN) | To identify the supports and barriers for practicing family-centered practice in mental health settings | Mixed-method pre–post and thematic analysis study | — | Acute mental health Adults |
Nurses (pre = 52, post n = 34) | Survey Focus groups |
Nurse skills Implementation experience |
FNPS |
| Zimansky et al. (2018), Germany | Calgary Family Assessment & Intervention Models (FSN) | To evaluate and modify the implementation process, to identify enabling and limiting factors, and to derive recommendations for transferability to other oncological units | Qualitative formative evaluation study using content analysis | — | Acute care Adults |
Nurses & clinicians (n not given) | Group and individual interviews | Implementation experience | — |
| Zimansky et al. (2020), Germany | Calgary Family Assessment & Intervention Models (FSN) | To investigate the effects of implementing family nursing care on several psychological and physical outcomes of patients and their family members | Uncontrolled pre–post study | — | Acute care Adults |
Patients (pre n = 56, post = 158) Family members (n = 122) |
Survey | Patient stress Mood Social support Family stress Anxiety Physical complaints Satisfaction |
QSC-R23 AMS-R BSSS PSQ STPI State GSCL-24 Self-developed |
Note. FCC = Family-Centered Care; NICU = neonatal intensive care unit; EPDS = Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; PHAG = Post-Hospitalization Action Grid; FFI = Family-Focused Intervention; CFIR = Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research; PSPIC = Provider and Staff Perception of Integrated Care Survey; FSN = Family Systems Nursing; KTA = Knowledge-to-Action Framework; FNPS = Family Nursing Practice Scale; ICE-FPSQ = Iceland Family Perceived Support Questionnaire; FINC-NA = Families Importance in Nursing Care-Nurses Attitudes; NPT = Normalization Process Theory; PDSA = Plan-Do-Study-Act; FSC = Family System Care; CDI = Caring Dimensions Inventory; ICE-HCP-IBQ = Icelandic Health Care Practitioner Illness Beliefs Questionnaire; NKC = Nurses’ Knowledge and Confidence Scale; EBP = Evidence-Based Practice; QSC-R23 = Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer Patients; AMS-R = Adjective Mood Scale-Revised Version; BSSS = Berlin Social Support Scales; STPI State = Anxiety part of the State-Trait Personality Inventory; FS-ICU24 = Family Satisfaction with Care in the ICU Survey; GSCL-24 = Giessen Subjective Complaints List; ICU = Intensive Care Unit; i-PARIHS = integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services; n/a = not applicable.