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. 2021 Mar 4;32(5):2535–2549. doi: 10.1109/TCSVT.2021.3063952

TABLE VI. Appendix.A: Major Types of Lung Lesions Caused by COVID-19 Desease.

Lesion Type Appearance
No visible abnormalities The lung lobes are healthy and has no visible lesion.
Ground-glass opacity [56] An area of hazy increased lung opacity through where vessels and bronchial structures may still be seen. Less opaque than consolidation
Halo sign [57] A circumference of a nodule or mass surrounded by GGO. Representing a focus of pulmonary infarction surrounded by alveolar hemorrhage.
Reversed halo sign [57] A distinct radiological sign representing a focal rounded area of GGO surrounded by a crescent or complete ring of consolidation.
Septal thickening [58] The lesion is distributed in a grid pattern, which is a characteristic manifestation of local tissue fibrosis.
Consolidation [59] A region of normally compressible lung tissue that has filled with liquid instead of air.
Fibrosis [60] A lung disease that occurs when lung tissue becomes damaged and scarred.