Table 2.
Risk of unspecified mental disorder complicating pregnancy (noted by discharge ICD-9 code) for every IQR increase in average pollutant exposure for three months preconception, first trimester, and whole pregnancy, Air Quality and Reproductive Health study (2002–2008).
| Mental Health Conditiona,b,c | Pollutant | 3 Months Preconception |
Trimester 1 |
Whole Pregnancy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
|
| ||||
| Unspecified disorderd(any, N = 11,577) | PM10 | 1.08 (1.04, 1.12) | 1.09 (1.05, 1.12) | 1.29 (1.24, 1.35) |
| PM2.5 | 1.12 (1.07, 1.18) | 1.15 (1.10, 1.20) | 1.73 (1.59, 1.88) | |
| CO | 0.85 (0.81, 0.89) | 0.82 (0.78, 0.85) | 0.69 (0.66, 0.72) | |
| NO2 | 1.46 (1.36, 1.55) | 1.47 (1.36, 1.58) | 1.73 (1.56, 1.92) | |
| NOx | 1.30 (1.24, 1.37) | 1.24 (1.17, 1.31) | 1.46 (1.32, 1.62) | |
| SO2 | 1.12 (1.06, 1.18) | 1.25 (1.19, 1.33) | 1.74 (1.57, 1.92) | |
| O3 | 0.84 (0.81, 0.88) | 0.92 (0.88, 0.96) | 0.97 (0.92, 1.03) | |
| Unspecified disordere(only, N = 5617) | PM10 | 1.22 (1.16, 1.28) | 1.14 (1.08, 1.19) | 1.50 (1.40, 1.60) |
| PM2.5 | 1.37 (1.28, 1.46) | 1.36 (1.28, 1.45) | 2.57 (2.28, 2.90) | |
| CO | 0.83 (0.77, 0.90) | 0.82 (0.76, 0.88) | 0.70 (0.64, 0.76) | |
| NO2 | 2.26 (2.04, 2.51) | 2.50, 2.21, 2.81) | 4.40 (3.68, 5.26) | |
| NOx | 1.67 (1.54, 1.81) | 1.60 (1.46, 1.75) | 2.53 (2.15, 2.98) | |
| SO2 | 1.16 (1.08, 1.26) | 1.52 (1.40, 1.66) | 4.63 (3.90, 5.49) | |
| O3 | 0.82 (0.77, 0.87) | 0.90 (0.85, 0.95) | 1.14 (1.04, 1.24) | |
| Depressionf (any, N = 9793) | PM10 | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) | 1.07 (1.03, 1.11) | 1.14 (1.10, 1.19) |
| PM2.5 | 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) | 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) | 1.19 (1.08, 1.30) | |
| CO | 0.90 (0.87, 0.93) | 0.89 (0.86, 0.92) | 0.80 (0.76, 0.83) | |
| NO2 | 1.05 (0.98, 1.12) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.16) | 1.21 (1.09, 1.32) | |
| NOx | 1.05 (0.99, 1.10) | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | 1.11 (1.00, 1.22) | |
| SO2 | 1.03 (0.96, 1.09) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.09) | 0.90 (0.81, 1.00) | |
| O3 | 0.90 (0.86, 0.94) | 0.93 (0.89, 0.97) | 0.84 (0.79, 0.89) | |
| Depressiong (only, N = 4862) | PM10 | 1.09 (1.05, 1.14) | 1.12 (1.07, 1.17) | 1.18 (1.13, 1.24) |
| PM2.5 | 0.96 (0.90, 1.03) | 0.82 (0.76, 0.88) | 0.51 (0.46, 0.57) | |
| CO | 0.82 (0.78, 0.86) | 0.81 (0.77, 0.85) | 0.69 (0.65, 0.74) | |
| NO2 | 1.15 (1.06, 1.25) | 1.25 (1.14, 1.36) | 2.11 (1.88, 2.37) | |
| NOx | 0.79 (0.73, 0.85) | 0.80 (0.75, 0.87) | 0.55 (0.49, 0.62) | |
| SO2 | 1.45 (1.34, 1.57) | 1.45 (1.34, 1.57) | 2.51 (2.22, 2.84) | |
| O3 | 0.83 (0.78, 0.89) | 0.84 (0.79, 0.89) | 0.66 (0.61, 0.71) | |
Abbreviations: OR, Odds Ratio; 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval; CO, carbon monoxide; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; NOx, nitrogen oxides; PM10, particulate matter <10 pm; PM25, particulate matter <2.5 pm; SO2, sulfur dioxide; IQR, interquartile range.
Compared to women without any mental health disorders (N = 211,646).
Controlled for maternal age, rage, BMI, parity, insurance status, marital status, study site, and smoking and alcohol use.
BMI was imputed to account for missing data.
Noted by discharge ICD-9 code 648.4 with other mental health conditions (296.9, 300.0, 296.0, 296.2, 296.4, 296.8, 300.4, 295).
Noted by discharge ICD-9 code 648.4 without any other mental health condition.
Noted by discharge ICD-9 codes 296.2, 296.3, 311 with other mental health conditions (300.4, 309.28, 296.0–296.2 and 296.4–296.6).
Noted by discharge ICD-9 codes 296.2, 296.3, 311 without other mental health conditions.