Table 1.
Baseline characteristics stratified by diagnosis groups
| Demographic and clinical characteristics (total=774) | NSTEMI (n=110) | UAP (n=133) | Non-coronary cardiac disease (n=51) | Non-cardiac disease (n=49) | NCCP (n=431) | P value |
| Age, median (25th–75th percentile) | 67 (57–75) | 68 (60–75) | 70 (61–79) | 70 (59–77) | 63 (53–72) | <0.001 |
| Gender, female, n (%) | 30 (27.3) | 35 (26.7) | 15 (29.4) | 23 (46.9) | 202 (46.7) | <0.001 |
| Risk factors, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 49 (44.5) | 75 (56.4) | 21 (41.2) | 23 (46.9) | 183 (42.5) | 0.119 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 34 (30.9) | 88 (66.2) | 26 (51.0) | 18 (36.7) | 176 (40.9) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 14 (12.7) | 26 (19.5) | 4 (7.8) | 5 (10.2) | 46 (10.6) | 0.069 |
| Insulin dependent | 3 (2.7) | 11 (8.4) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 10 (2.3) | |
| Obesity (BMI >30) | 12 (22.2) | 18 (24.3) | 4 (16.7) | 7 (29.2) | 50 (22.1) | 0.876 |
| Family history (MI) | 16 (14.5) | 28 (21.1) | 7 (13.7) | 7 (14.3) | 84 (19.5) | 0.501 |
| Unknown | 12 (10.9) | 11 (8.4) | 5 (9.8) | 2 (4.1) | 36 (8.3) | 0.707 |
| Current smoker | 25 (22.7) | 20 (15.3) | 7 (13.7) | 9 (18.4) | 74 (17.1) | 0.539 |
| Previous smoker | 44 (40.0) | 64 (47.3) | 24 (47.1) | 21 (42.9) | 202 (47.1) | 0.853 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||||
| Prior myocardial infarction | 20 (18.2) | 39 (29.3) | 10 (19.6) | 7 (14.3) | 71 (16.6) | 0.019 |
| Prior PCI | 22 (20.0) | 55 (41.4) | 11 (21.6) | 7 (14.3) | 72 (16.9) | <0.001 |
| Prior CABG | 9 (8.2) | 26 (19.8) | 2 (3.9) | 5 (10.2) | 16 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Prior heart failure | 4 (3.6) | 3 (2.3) | 6 (11.8) | 0 (0) | 13 (3.0) | 0.033 |
| Prior stroke | 5 (4.5) | 8 (6.1) | 3 (5.9) | 1 (2.0) | 8 (1.8) | 0.128 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3 (2.7) | 9 (6.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (1.2) | 0.006 |
| Reduced renal function* | 9 (10.7) | 13 (17.8) | 6 (16.2) | 7 (19.4) | 30 (11.3) | 0.337 |
| Vital parameters at admission, median (25th–75th percentile) | ||||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 149 (136–176) | 148 (136–160) | 140 (124–155) | 139 (125–158) | 145 (133–161) | 0.016 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 85 (75–93) | 84 (76–91) | 88 (76–96) | 80 (73–90) | 83 (75–91) | 0.619 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 74 (62–82) | 70 (62–80) | 94 (66–130) | 72 (65–87) | 69 (62–80) | <0.001 |
| BMI | 26.4 (24.2–28.7) | 26.1 (24.7–29.9) | 27.2 (26.1–29.1) | 27.3 (24.8–30.3) | 26.7 (24.2–29.7) | 0.879 |
| Biomarkers, median (25th–75th percentile) | ||||||
| cTnT, ng/L | 50.5 (22–160.5) | 9.0 (6.0–18.0) | 16.0 (9.0–23.0) | 8.0 (4.0–13.0) | 6.0 (3.0–10.0) | <0.001 |
| cTnI, ng/L | 121.7 (26.2–462.8) | 4.1 (2.6–9.4) | 9.6 (4.2–24.4) | 3.7 (1.8–8.3) | 2.6 (1.5–4.8) | <0.001 |
| Investigations and intervention, n (%) | ||||||
| Coronary CT angiography | 7 (6.4) | 44 (33.1) | 10 (19.6) | 12 (24.5) | 220 (51.0) | <0.001 |
| Coronary angiography | 100 (90.9%) | 102 (76.7%) | 14 (27.5%) | 8 (16.3%) | 84 (19.5%) | <0.001 |
| PCI during hospitalisation | 72 (65.5) | 50 (37.6) | 2 (3.9) | 1 (2.0) | 2 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| Revascularisation | 82 (74.5) | 54 (40.6) | 3 (5.9) | 1 (2.0) | 6 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| Medications at admission, n (%) | ||||||
| Statins | 34 (30.9) | 87 (65.4) | 25 (49.0) | 18 (36.7) | 174 (40.4) | <0.001 |
| Warfarin | 2 (1.8) | 10 (7.5) | 5 (9.8) | 2 (4.1) | 19 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| ASA | 38 (34.5) | 79 (59.4) | 20 (39.2) | 12 (24.5) | 129 (29.9) | <0.001 |
| Clopidogrel | 5 (4.5) | 15 (11.3) | 2 (3.9) | 1 (2.0) | 16 (3.7) | 0.021 |
| Ticagrelor | 3 (2.7) | 10 (7.5) | 2 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (2.6) | 0.063 |
| ACEI | 5 (4.5) | 7 (5.3) | 2 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.9) | 0.007 |
| Beta blockers | 11 (10.0) | 5 (3.8) | 8 (15.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| Diuretics | 18 (16.4) | 34 (25.6) | 13 (25.5) | 8 (16.3) | 78 (18.1) | 0.212 |
*eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2.
ACEI, ACE inhibitors; ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; cTnT, cardiac troponin T; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NCCP, non-cardiac chest pain; NSTEMI, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; UAP, unstable angina pectoris.