Alpha-diversity	Diversity of co-occurring organisms at local scale. Species richness is a widely used measurement of alpha diversity as a taxonomical facet of biodiversity. Contrastingly, the beta-diversity of metacommunities characterizes the level of composition differences between communities.
Anthropogenic	Refers to processes, assemblies and ecosystem compartments driven by, or resulting from human activity. Anthropogenic landscapes typically consist of vegetation mosaics induced by long-term human activity (forestry, pastoralism, fire regime, etc.). Anthropogenic soils include pedological profiles that are physico-chemically altered by long-term anthropic pressures as well as matrices of artificial materials from urban/industrial origin (Anthrosols).
Cultivated forest	Consists of highly diversified physiognomies of vegetation dominated by trees, originated from either natural process (spontaneous establishment of seedlings) of plantations, where human practices drive the structure, the composition and the dynamics of tree populations. Cultivated forests encompass forestry-based managed forests and agroforests, including planted orchards and multifunctional tree savannas.
Endophytic lifeforms	Micro-organisms, including bacteria and filamentous fungi, leaving inside plant tissues (roots, seeds, leaves, bark, etc.) where they accomplish a part or their entire biological cycle. Recent research shows the ability of ectomycorrhizal fungi (e.g., Tuber melanosporum) to colonize root tissues of AM host as endophytes.
Network topology	Set of properties characterizing an interaction network, used to infer ecological/evolutionary hypotheses, and based on the analysis of the distribution of links between the objects (nodes) constituting the network.
Sealed soils	Soils that have sequestered in the mid-term by a cover of impermeable materials (e.g., tar) hindering pedogenesis.