Fig. 3.

Fructose increases expression of plasma TNFα and serum corticosterone. a) Baseline plasma TNFα expression was significantly elevated in fructose-fed animals relative to chow-fed animals. b) Fructose increased serum corticosterone levels relative to chow-fed animals both at baseline and after forced swim without an effect of surgery or any interactions. Data shown are mean ± SEM; asterisks indicate a main effect at p < 0.05. BSL =Baseline; FST =Forced Swim Test; MCAO = middle cerebral artery occlusion.