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. 2022 Jun 30;13:926220. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926220

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Copyright © 2022 Muralidharan, Torta, Lin, Olona, Bagnati, Moreno-Moral, Ko, Ji, Burla, Wenk, Rodrigues, Petretto and Behmoaras

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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LPS stimulation induces de novo sphingolipid synthesis in human macrophages. (A) The simplified schematics of sphingolipid biosynthesis. (B) LPS-induced kinetics for sphingoid bases (SPB), ceramides, sphingomyelins (SM), monohexosylceramides (HexCer) and globosides (Gb3 and Gb4). Relative values were calculated using the mean of each lipid class across the time-points. (C) Quantification of different sphingolipid species throughout the LPS-time course in human macrophages. SBP represent sphingosine (d18:1, blue) and sphinganine (d18:0, pink). All the ceramides, HexCer and globosides (Gb3 and Gb4) shown in the figure contain a d18:1 sphingoid base, while the fatty acyl chains (C16:0, C22:0, C24:0, C24:1) are indicated in different colors. Error bars are s.e.m.