Table 1.
Select demographic and exposure characteristics for the Biomarkers of Exposure to ARsenic (BEAR) cohort (N = 200), 2011–2012
| Characteristic | n (% non-missing) or mean, median [range] |
|---|---|
| Maternal age at delivery (years) | 24, 23 [18–41] |
| Smoking statusa | |
| Nonsmokers | 185 (93.4) |
| Current smokers | 13 (6.6) |
| Prenatal vitamin daily intake | 197 (99.0) |
| Recent seafood intakeb | |
| No | 155 (78.3) |
| Yes | 43 (21.7) |
| Gestational age (weeks) | |
| All | 39, 40 [34–42] |
| < 37 | 3 (1.5) |
| ≥ 37 | 197 (98.5) |
| Newborn sex | |
| Male | 104 (52.0) |
| Female | 96 (48.0) |
| Birth weight (grams) | |
| All | 3339, 3355 [1800–5120] |
| Male | 3453, 3490 [2100–5120] |
| Female | 3215, 3150 [1800–4200] |
| Low birth weight (< 2500 g) | 4 (2.0) |
| Drinking water iAs (μg/L) | 24.6, 13.0 [<LODc–236.0] |
| Urinary biomarkers (SG-adjusted) | |
| U-tAs (μg/L) | 37.54, 23.32 [4.33, 319.74] |
| U-iAs (%) | 6.08, 5.25 [0.77–45.13] |
| U-MMAs (%) | 6.43, 6.02 [0.68–24.86] |
| U-DMAs (%) | 87.49, 88.48 [32.68–96.65] |
| U-iAs (μg/L)d | 2.1, 1.3 [0.14–23.0] |
| U-MMAs (μg/L)e | 2.3, 1.4 [0.12–18.2] |
| U-DMAs (μg/L) | 33.1, 20.6 [1.4–292.5] |
| Cord serum biomarkers | |
| C-tAs (pg/mL) | 1.35, 1.24 [1.15–4.0] |
| C-iAs (%) | 78.83, 82.86 [25.63–88.96] |
| C-MMAs (%) | 4.69, 3.68 [2.90–19.13] |
| C-DMAs (%) | 16.48, 13.45 [6.88–67.61] |
| C-iAs (pg/L)f | <LOD |
| C-MMAs (pg/L)g | <LOD |
| C-DMAs (pg/L)h | 0.26, 0.17 [<LOD-2.70] |
| One-carbon metabolism factorsi | |
| Folate (nM) | 40.93, 38.59 [7.06–171.46] |
| Folate deficient (< 9 nM) | 2 (1.0) |
| Homocysteine (μM) | 6.86, 6.37 [4.05–19.42] |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia (> 10.4 μM) | 14 (7.3) |
| B12 (pM) | 130.97, 117.17 [48.03–747.91] |
| B12 deficient (< 128 pM) | 142 (74.6) |
aMissing data on smoking status for 2 mothers
bMissing data on seafood consumption for 2 mothers
climit of detection (LOD) = 0.456 μg/L
dN = 7 below LOD
eN = 4 below LOD
fN = 186 below LOD
gN = 127 below LOD
hN = 54 below LOD
iN = 7 missing data on one-carbon metabolism factors