Table 3.

Pain severity

Groups	CON	SHAM	ESP	p value
VAS 2	38 [23–53]a	28 [19–41]	20 [7–32]	0.031
VAS 4	30 [18–51]a	36 [16–46]	19 [7–25]	0.017
VAS 8	25 [20–35]	21 [15–39]	20 [8–22]	0.114
VAS 12	24 [14–43]	21 [14–28]	16 [7–23]	0.071
VAS 24	20 [15–35]	19 [13–29]	17 [6–20]	0.062

Data are shown as medians [interquartile ranges]. Probability was calculated with the Kruskal–Wallis test by ranks. If this test showed a significant result, a pairwise comparison was made with the Mann–Whitney U test. Significant calculated probability was set at 0.017 after the Bonferroni correction.

CON control group, ESP erector spinae plane group, SHAM sham block group, VAS visual analog scale.

^aCON is significantly higher than ESP