Table 4.
Characteristics of (1) Extreme and moderate subgroups of people with frequent ED visits (top 10%) and substance use; (2) People with frequent ED visits (top 10%) and no substance use; and (3) People with non-frequent ED visits (bottom 90%) and substance use who died within 365 days of last ED visit from April 1st, 2014 to March 31st, 2015 in B.C
| Extreme subgroup of people with frequent ED visits and substance use (N = 1,690) | Moderate subgroup of people with frequent ED visits and substance use (N = 7,713) | People with frequent ED visits (top 10%) and no substance use (N = 87,716) | People with non-frequent ED visits (bottom 90%) and substance use (N = 12,967) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of deaths | 158 (9.3) | 509 (6.6) | 9,141 (10.4) | 561 (4.3) |
| Sex among deaths, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 113 (71.5) | 347 (68.2) | 4,751 (52.0) | 375 (66.8) |
| Female | 45 (28.5) | 162 (31.8) | 4,383 (47.9) | 186 (33.2) |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Age among deaths | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 52 (43–61) | 59 (46–71) | 80 (68–88) | 61 (51–72) |
| Neighborhood income quintile among deaths, n (%) | ||||
| 1st Quintile | 75 (47.5) | 200 (39.3) | 2,336 (25.6) | 183 (32.6) |
| 2nd Quintile | 25 (15.8) | 101 (19.8) | 1,962 (21.5) | 100 (17.8) |
| 3rd Quintile | 24 (15.2) | 92 (18.1) | 1,732 (18.9) | 105 (18.7) |
| 4th Quintile | 10 (6.3) | 59 (11.6) | 1,593 (17.4) | 86 (15.3) |
| 5th Quintile | 12 (7.6) | 46 (9) | 1,428 (15.6) | 71 (12.7) |
| Unknown | 8 (5.1) | 8 (1.6) | 79 (0.1) | < 5 (0.4) |
| NA | < 5 (2.5) | < 5 (0.6) | 11 (0.9) | 14 (2.5) |
| Urban/rural among deaths, n (%) | ||||
| Urban | 152 (96.2) | 463 (91.0) | 8,647 (94.6) | 480 (85.6) |
| Rural | < 5 (1.3) | 43 (8.4) | 404 (4.4) | 59 (10.5) |
| NA | < 5 (2.5) | < 5 (0.6) | 90 (1.0) | 22 (3.9) |
| MSP long-term care among deaths, n (%) | ||||
| No | 153 (96.8) | 485 (95.3) | 8,164 (89.3) | 485 (86.5) |
| Yes | 5 (3.2) | 24 (4.7) | 971 (10.6) | 34 (6.1) |
| NA | 0 (0.0) | 11 (2.2) | 6 (0.1) | 42 (7.5) |
| MSP majority source of care among deaths, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 36 (22.8) | 203 (39.9) | 5,034 (55.1) | 335 (59.7) |
| No | 122 (77.2) | 295 (58.0) | 4,062 (44.4) | 148 (26.4) |
| 0 GP visit | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 39 (0.4) | 36 (6.3) |
| NA | 0 (0.0) | 11 (2.2) | 6 (0.1) | 42 (7.5) |
| MSP number of general practitioner visits among deaths | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 67 (35–118) | 54 (26–96) | 49 (28–83) | 14 (6–36) |
| Range | 3–344 | 2–340 | 1–607 | 1–238 |
| MSP number of individual general practitioner visits among deaths | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 18 (8–34) | 22 (11–39) | 24 (14–40) | 8 (4–18) |
| Range | 1–231 | 1–223 | 1–336 | 1–180 |
| Top 5 cause of deaths | ||||
| 1 |
Other ill-defined and unspecified causes of mortality (R99): 31 (19.6) |
Other ill-defined and unspecified causes of mortality (R99): 82 (16.1) |
Malignant neoplasm of right bronchus or lung unspecified (C349): 827 (9.0) |
Other ill-defined and unspecified causes of mortality (R99): 77 (13.7) |
| 2 |
Alcoholic cirrhosis of liver (K703): 19 (12.0) |
Chronic viral hepatitis C (B182): 50 (9.8) |
Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery (I251): 398 (4.4) |
Alcoholic cirrhosis of liver (K703): 69 (12.3) |
| 3 |
Chronic viral hepatitis C (B182): 10 (6.3) |
Accidental poisoning by and exposure to other and unspecified drugs, medicaments and biological substances (X44): 24 (4.7) |
Unspecified dementia (F03): 299 (3.3) |
Alcoholic hepatic failure (K704): 37 (6.6) |
| 4 |
Accidental poisoning by and exposure to other and unspecified drugs, medicaments and biological substances (X44): 9 (5.7) |
Alcoholic liver disease unspecified (K709): 22 (4.3) |
Acute myocardial infarction, unspecified (I219): 292 (3.2) |
Accidental poisoning by and exposure to other and unspecified drugs, medicaments and biological substances (X44): 25 (4.5) |
| 5 |
Alcoholic liver disease unspecified (K709): 7 (4.4) |
Alcoholic hepatic failure (K704): 21 (4.1) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unspecified (J449): 269 (2.9) |
Malignant neoplasm of right bronchus or lung unspecified (C349): 20 (3.6) |