TABLE 2.

Stepdown analysis statistics.

Variable	Analysis	Covariate	Pre	Post	df	F	p(adj)	${\mathrm{\eta }}_p^2$	90% CI
			M (SD)	M (SD)					LL	UL
Negative mood	Univariate	–	3.01 (1.43)	2.69 (1.49)	1, 77	7.81	0.039	0.09	0.15	0.21
Positive mood	Univariate	–	4.51 (1.32)	4.81 (1.26)	1, 77	5.92	0.104	0.07	0.00	0.18
	Step-down	Negative mood			1, 76	49.72	<0.001	0.40	0.25	0.51
	Step-down				1, 76	0.83	0.353	0.01	0.00	0.08
Anxiety	Univariate	–	3.44 (1.26)	3.14 (1.20)	1, 77	5.92	0.001	0.12	0.03	0.24
	Step-down	Negative mood			1, 75	29.71	<0.001	0.28	0.15	0.41
	Step-down	Positive mood			1, 75	13.72	<0.001	0.15	0.05	0.28
	Step-down				1, 75	3.68	0.406	0.05	0.00	0.15
Loneliness	Univariate	–	3.50 (1.00)	3.33 (0.95)	1, 77	9.64	0.016	0.11	0.03	0.23
	Step-down	Negative mooda			1, 74	3.47	0.067	0.06	0.00	0.16
	Step-down	Positive mood			1, 74	1.26	0.265	0.02	0.00	0.09
	Step-down	Anxiety			1, 74	6.14	0.016	0.08	0.00	0.18
	Step-down				1, 74	4.54	0.219	0.05	0.00	0.14
Life satisfaction	Univariate	–	4.53 (1.24)	4.50 (1.35)	1, 77	0.00	>0.999	0.01	0.00	0.01
	Step-down	Negative mood			1, 73	0.01	0.932	0.01	0.00	0.07
	Step-down	Positive mood			1, 73	0.18	0.281	0.01	0.00	0.09
	Step-down	Anxiety			1, 73	0.14	0.705	0.00	0.00	0.01
	Step-down	Loneliness			1, 73	0.13	0.721	0.00	0.00	0.05
	Step-down				1, 73	0.53	0.353	0.00	0.00	0.05
Well-being	Univariate	–	4.34 (1.12)	4.58 (1.12)	1, 77	9.90	0.014	0.11	0.03	0.23
	Step-down	Negative mood			1, 72	6.19	0.015	0.08	0.01	0.19
	Step-down	Positive mood			1, 72	4.57	0.036	0.06	0.00	1.16
	Step-down	Anxiety			1, 72	1.31	0.256	0.00	0.00	0.06
	Step-down	Loneliness			1, 72	3.26	0.075	0.04	0.00	0.15
	Step-down	Life satisfaction			1, 72	0.30	0.588	0.02	0.00	0.10
	Step-down				1, 72	3.44	0.353	0.04	0.00	0.14

CI, confidence interval; LL, lower limit; UL, upper limit. The bolded values indicate statistically significant values.

^aBefore exclusion of three multivariate outliers, negative mood explained a significant proportion of the change in loneliness, p = 0.032.