Table 2. Food taboos among agricultural and non-agricultural subsistence patterns, stratified by food type and taboo focus.

Frequency values of food taboos higher than 1 are indicated in parenthesis.

	Agricultural taboos
	Big baby and/or difficult delivery	Varied physiological complications	No or unspecified physiological conditions
Animal products	Eggs (3), milk (2), fish (2), buffalo milk, bush meat, cat, cheese, farmed meat, fatty meat, fresh meat, ghee, grasscut, head of animals, horse, liver, meat, meat sauce	Fish (3), catfish (2), crab (2), camel, eel, shark, squid, shellfish, masi (fermented fish preparation), chicken, civet, goat, honey, lamb, lungs, meat, mutton, pork, rabbit, snail, snake, soft shell turtle, sow, wild animals	Snake (3), eggs (3), duck (3), snail (3) chicken (2), crab (2), dog (2), octopus (2), rabbit (2), bacon, bandicoot, beef, flying fox, fowl, goat, pigeon, shark, squid, stewed meat, tree kangaroo
Plant products	Banana (4), sugarcane (2), aloco, Bengal gram, breadnut, cassava, corn flour, enset bread, garri, kale, leaves of candlenut tree, lentils (dhal), linseed, mango, nuts, orange, osh (rice dish), pistachios, potato, shiro wot, starchy foods, sweet potatoes, taro, taro Singapore, teff injera	Eggplant (2), aibika leaves, ash pumpkin, bambara beans, banana, bottlegourd, durian, ebolo, fermented cassava/rice/sticky rice, ginger, groundnuts, horsegram, jackfruit, jiggery, lime, mango, mustard seeds, black nightshade, palm sugar, palmyra fruit, papaya, pineapple, pumpkin, rice crust, sesame, spices, sugarcane, tamarind, taro, tinai millet, tubers, vegetables	Rice (2), anise, black grapes, chillies, clove, coconut milk, custard apple, eggplant, fried maize, jambu fruit, leek, plantain, sauerkraut, wheat, yellow marita
Processed and miscellaneous products	Noodles (2), baked goods, bread, cold and sugary foods, dumplings, foods with carbohydrate, ice cubes, leftovers, protein food, shea butter, sour foods, wheat bread	Salt (2), cool foods, hot and spicy food, ice cream, leftovers, oily foods, pickled food, spicy food, sugar	Coffee, tea, hot pot
	Non-agricultural taboos
Animal products	Too much meat	Djufia snake (2), antilope Bongo, blue-coloured fish, coati, duikers, honey bear, jaguar, large fish, porcupine, potamocherus, sardines, situtunga, slippery animals, turtles’ eggs, unborn dugong foetus, water chevrotain, water-snake, snake	Civet (2), large fish (2), lizards (2), all meat, animals, anteater, armadillo, bamboo rat, bat, bear, cassowary, , crocodile, deer, dugong, frog, full grown pig, full grown turtle, gibbon, guan, haru werio snake, hawks and eagles, honey, hornbill, kangaroo, komar fish, leaf monkey, longtailed macaque, loris, maeaw, octopus, otter, owl, owl monkey, pigtailed macaque, porcupine, pork, rat, squirrel, tortoise, toucan, turtle, wild pig, skin
Plant products		Shiitake mushroom	Deformed plants, double ear of corn or manioc, yam