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. 2022 Jun 30;14:931536. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.931536

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Copyright © 2022 Lee and Kim.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cellular organism and molecular changes due to aging. In the process of normal aging, various alterations occur in the cellular organelles in a degenerative way. mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; ETC, electron transport complex; NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; VDCC, voltage-dependent calcium channel; ER, endoplasmic reticulum.