Table 1.
Baseline physical and metabolic characteristics of all participants (n = 62) and in men (n = 23) and women (n = 39)
| All (n = 62) | Men (n = 23) | Women (n = 39) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 61 ± 1 | 61 ± 2 | 60 ± 1 |
| Body weight, kg | 94.4 ± 2.4 | 103.0 ± 4.1 | 89.4 ± 2.7b |
| BMI | 33 ± 1 | 33 ± 1 | 33 ± 1 |
| VO2max, L/min | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.1c |
| VO2max, mL/kg/min | 23.2 ± 0.6 | 26.6 ± 0.8 | 21.1 ± 0.6c |
| VO2max, mL/kgFFM/min | 40.4 ± 0.8 | 41.4 ± 1.1 | 39.8 ± 1.0 |
| % Body fat | 42.4 ± 1.1 | 35.6 ± 1.3 | 46.6 ± 1.1c |
| Fat mass, kg | 41.4 ± 1.8 | 37.4 ± 2.6 | 43.9 ± 2.3 |
| FFM, kg | 54.5 ± 1.5 | 65.3 ± 1.7 | 47.7 ± 1.1c |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 99 ± 2 | 104 ± 2 | 96 ± 2a |
| 120-min glucose, mg/dL | 148 ± 6 | 162 ± 11 | 139 ± 8 |
| Fasting insulin, pmol/L | 116 ± 9 | 130 ± 14 | 107 ± 11 |
| 120-min insulin, pmol/L | 712 ± 64 | 792 ± 116 | 654 ± 71 |
| M, μmol.kg–1.min–1 | 27.5 ± 1.6 | 23.2 ± 2.7 | 30.4 ± 1.7a |
| M, μmol.kgFFM–1.min–1 | 47.1 ± 2.8 | 34.5 ± 3.6 | 56.4 ± 3.1c |
| HOMA-IR | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.4 |
Values are mean ± SEM.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FFM, fat free mass; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; VO2max, maximal oxygen consumption.
Statistically significant different pre and post intervention:
a P ≤ .05;
b P < .01; and
c P < .001.