Table 3.
Changes in physical and metabolic characteristics before and after weight loss and aerobic exercise covarying by sex
| WL | AEX | P corrected model | P sex | P arm | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change | X (SEM) | CI | X (SEM) | CI | |||
| Body weight, kg | –9.51 (0.72) | –11.0 to –8.1 | –1.22 (0.75) | –2.74 to –0.0.30 | < .001 | .60 | < .001 |
| VO2max, L/min | –0.11 (0.06) | –0.23 to 0.01 | 0.31 (0.06) | 0.18 to 0.43 | < .001 | .17 | < .001 |
| VO2max, mL/kg/min | 0.07 (0.94) | –1.84 to 1.97 | 3.99 (1.01) | 1.94 to 6.04 | .008 | .19 | .008 |
| Fat mass, kg | –6.98 (0.77) | –8.54 to –5.42 | –1.29 (0.79) | –2.89 to 0.32 | < .001 | .86 | < .001 |
| FFM, kg | –1.43 (0.37) | –2.18 to –0.69 | 0.82 (0.39) | 0.03 to 1.60 | < .001 | .42 | < .001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | –8.0 (1.7) | –11.4 to –4.7 | –0.9 (1.7) | –4.4 to 2.7 | .02 | .62 | .005 |
| 120-min glucose mg/dL | –30.8 (9.6) | –50.3 to –11.4 | –2.6 (10.3) | –23.6 to 18.3 | .14 | .45 | .06 |
| Fasting insulin, pmol/L | –25.8 (6.6) | –39.2 to –12.4 | –12.4 (6.6) | –25.8 to 1.0 | .09 | .06 | .16 |
| 120-min insulin, pmol/L | –191.3 (65.5) | –324.4 to –58.0 | –84.2 (65.5) | –217.4 to 49.0 | .47 | .51 | .25 |
| M, μmol.kg–1.min–1 | 7.2 (2.5) | 2.2 to 12.2 | 5.3(2.4) | 0.4 to 10.2 | .62 | .47 | .58 |
| M, μmol.kgFFM–1.min–1 | 13.4 (3.2) | 6.8 to 19.9 | 6.9 (3.1) | 0.6 to 13.3 | .31 | .72 | .17 |
| HOMA-IR | –1.4 (0.31) | –2.0 to –0.76 | –0.54 (0.31) | –1.16 to 0.09 | .04 | .04 | .06 |
Abbreviations: AEX, aerobic exercise; BMI, body mass index; FFM, fat free mass; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; VO2max, maximal oxygen consumption; WL, weight loss; X, mean.