Table 2.

Intraoperative and postoperative outcome variables.

Outcome variables	Peri-induction warming group	Control group	Differences (control-periwarming) (95% CI)	Effect size	P
Intraoperative variables	(n = 63)	(n = 63)
Intraoperative hypothermia	12 (19.0%)	36 (57.1%)	0.381 (0.2159–0.5261)	−0.392∗	<.001
Onset of hypothermia				0.392∗∗	<.001
Normothermia	51 (81.0%)	27 (42.9%)	−0.381 (−0.5261 to −0.2159)
Within 1 h	9 (14.3%)	27 (42.9%)	0.286 (0.1310 to 0.4306)
After 1 h	3 (4.8%)	9 (14.3%)	0.095 (−0.0087 to 0.2097)
Hypothermia severity				0.407∗∗	<.001
Normothermia	51 (81.0%)	27 (42.9%)	−0.381 (−0.5261 to −0.2159)
Very mild (35.5°C –35.9°C)	10 (15.9%)	23 (36.5%)	0.206 (0.0535 to 0.3533)
Mild (35.0°C –35.4°C)	2 (3.2%)	10 (15.9%)	0.127 (0.0277 to 0.2417)
Moderate (<35.0°C)	0 (0.0%)	3 (4.8%)	0.048 (−0.1314 to 0.0117)
Last intraoperative core temperature	36.94 ± 0.66	36.58 ± 0.70	0.36 (0.12 to 0.60)	0.5227∗∗∗	.004
Blood loss, mL	150 (50, 400)	200 (100, 300)			.907
Transfusion	1 (1.6%)	3 (4.8%)			.619
PACU objective variables	(n = 61)	(n = 59)
PACU hypothermia	2 (3.3%)	10 (16.9%)	0.136 (0.0329 to 0.2573)	−0.228∗	.013
Shivering grade (0/1/2)	56/2/3	54/4/1		0.118∗∗	.538
LOS at PACU, min	40 (35, 50)	39 (35, 49)			.744
PACU subjective variables	(n = 60)	(n = 58)
Highest TCS	50 (50, 50)	50 (50, 50)			.797
Lowest TCS	50 (50, 50)	50 (50, 50)			.294
Patient satisfaction (4/3/2)	34/22/4	33/20/5		0.040∗∗	.960

Values are presented as numbers (%) for categorical data. Values are presented as means ± standard deviations or medians (1Q, 3Q), as appropriate, for continuous data. Effect sizes of χ² test are ^∗phi or ^∗∗Cramer V, as appropriate; effect size of continuous data is ^∗∗∗Cohen d.

LOS = Length of stay, PACU = post-anesthesia care unit, TCS = Thermal comfort scale.