Table 3.

Indications for Hickman catheter removal.

Initial tip position	End of treatment	Catheter leakage	Catheter malposition	Suspicious of infection	Others∗
SVC (Zone 1)	1	2 (13.3%)	1 (11.1%)	1† (25%)	0
CAV (Zone 2)	15	12 (80%)	8 (88.9%)	2 (50%)	9
RA (Zone 3)	5	1 (6.7%)	0	1 (25%)	1
Total	21	15	9	4	10

CAJ = cavoatrial junction, RA = right atrium, SVC = superior vena cava.

^∗Others include death (n = 7), conversion to a venous port (n = 1), arrhythmia (n = 1), and non-removal due to ongoing treatment (n = 1).

^†Positive result on catheter tip culture (Staphylococcus aureus).