Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of COVID-19 confirmed cases (n = 3827) by age, sex, nationality, and workplace exposure levels, comorbidities, clinical presentation, and outcomes in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi between March 12 and April 22, 2020.
| Female (n = 670) | Male (n = 3157) | Total (N = 3827) | |||||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | N | (%) | P-value | |
| Age distributions | .000a | ||||||
| <1 | 17 | 0% | 16 | 0.4% | 33 | 1% | |
| 1–5 | 36 | 1% | 29 | 0.8% | 65 | 2% | |
| 6–10 | 16 | 0.4% | 22 | 0.6% | 38 | 1% | |
| 11–18 | 25 | 0.7% | 31 | 1% | 56 | 1% | |
| 19–29 | 156 | 4% | 785 | 21% | 941 | 25% | |
| 30–39 | 234 | 6% | 1163 | 30% | 1397 | 37% | |
| 40–49 | 113 | 3% | 654 | 17% | 767 | 20% | |
| 50–59 | 41 | 1% | 355 | 9% | 396 | 10% | |
| 60–69 | 18 | 0.5% | 85 | 2% | 103 | 3% | |
| 70–79 | 7 | 0.2% | 11 | 0.3% | 18 | 0.5% | |
| 80+ | 7 | 0.2% | 6 | 0.2% | 13 | 0.3% | |
| Nationality | .000a | ||||||
| UAE∗ | 160 | 4% | 380 | 10% | 540 | 14% | |
| Other Arab countries† | 124 | 3% | 311 | 8% | 435 | 11% | |
| Non-Arab countries | 381 | 10% | 2434 | 64% | 2815 | 74% | |
| Unknown | 5 | 0.1% | 32 | 1% | 37 | 1% | |
| COVID-19 workplace exposure risk levels | .000a | ||||||
| High exposure risk | |||||||
| Healthcare workers | 63 | 2% | 47 | 1% | 110 | 3% | |
| Medium exposure risk | |||||||
| Laborers and workers at high density workplaces | 61 | 2% | 567 | 15% | 628 | 16% | |
| Lower exposure risk | |||||||
| Office workers and workers with minimum contact with public | 409 | 11% | 2346 | 61% | 2755 | 72% | |
| Other‡ | 137 | 4% | 197 | 5% | 334 | 9% | |
| Comorbidities | .001a | ||||||
| No comorbidities | 566 | 15% | 2813 | 74% | 3379 | 88% | |
| With comorbidities | 104 | 3% | 344 | 9% | 448 | 12% | |
| Hypertension | 13 | 3% | 107 | 24% | 120 | 27%§ | |
| Diabetes | 4 | 1% | 92 | 21% | 96 | 21%§ | |
| Pregnancy | 36 | 8% | - | - | 36 | 8%§ | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 10 | 2% | 12 | 3% | 22 | 5%§ | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 4 | 1% | 14 | 3% | 18 | 4%§ | |
| Immunocompromised | 9 | 2% | 3 | 1% | 12 | 3%§ | |
| Chronic neurological/Neuromuscular disease | 3 | 1% | 6 | 1% | 9 | 2%§ | |
| Czhronic kidney disease | – | – | 5 | 1% | 5 | 1%§ | |
| Chronic liver disease | – | – | 5 | 1% | 5 | 1%§ | |
| Two or more comorbidities‖ | 25 | 6% | 100 | 22% | 125 | 28%a | |
| Time interval (date of onset of symptoms—date of notification) mean (SD∗) | 3.8 (3.4) | .000a | |||||
| Clinical presentation | .000a | ||||||
| Asymptomatic cases | 236 | 6% | 1407 | 37% | 1643 | 43% | |
| Symptomatic cases | 434 | 11% | 1750 | 46% | 2184 | 57% | |
| Mild | 244 | 11.2% | 1033 | 47.3% | 1277 | 58%¶ | |
| Cough | 31 | 1.4% | 129 | 5.9% | 160 | 7% | |
| Fever | 22 | 1.0% | 129 | 5.9% | 151 | 7% | |
| Headache | 1 | 0.05% | 29 | 1.3% | 30 | 1% | |
| Sore throat | 22 | 1.0% | 83 | 3.8% | 105 | 5% | |
| Myalgia | 5 | 0.2% | 17 | 0.8% | 22 | 1% | |
| Runny nose | 9 | 0.4% | 14 | 0.6% | 23 | 1% | |
| Arthralgia | - | - | 1 | 0.05% | 1 | 0.05% | |
| More than one mild symptom | 154 | 7.1% | 631 | 28.9% | 785 | 36% | |
| Moderate | 110 | 5.0% | 420 | 19.2% | 530 | 24%¶ | |
| Abdominal pain | 1 | 0.05% | 5 | 0.2% | 6 | 0.3% | |
| Vomiting | 1 | 0.05% | 1 | 0.0% | 2 | 0.1% | |
| Diarrhea | 1 | 0.05% | 10 | 0.5% | 11 | 1% | |
| Viral pneumonia | 40 | 1.83% | 199 | 9.1% | 239 | 11% | |
| More than one moderate symptom | 67 | 3.1% | 205 | 9.4% | 272 | 12% | |
| Severe | 40 | 1.8% | 149 | 6.8% | 189 | 9% | |
| Shortness of breath | 3 | 0.1% | 10 | 0.5% | 13 | 0.6% | |
| Chest pain | 3 | 0.1% | 5 | 0.2% | 8 | 0.4% | |
| Severe viral pneumonia | 1 | 0.05% | 2 | 0.1% | 3 | 0.1% | |
| More than one severe symptom | 33 | 1.5% | 132 | 6.0% | 165 | 8% | |
| Critical | 10 | 0.5% | 37 | 1.7% | 47 | 2%¶ | |
| ARDS∗ | 7 | 0.3% | 26 | 1.2% | 33 | 2% | |
| Sepsis | 3 | 0.1% | 5 | 0.2% | 8 | 0.4% | |
| Renal failure | - | - | 6 | 0.3% | 6 | 0.3% | |
| Missing symptoms | 30 | 1.4% | 111 | 5.1% | 141 | 6%¶ | |
| Outcome | .004a | ||||||
| Not admitted to hospital | 298 | 8% | 1564 | 41% | 1862 | 49% | |
| Admitted to hospital | 269 | 7% | 1056 | 28% | 1325 | 35% | |
| Not admitted to ICU∗ | 264 | 20% | 1010 | 76% | 1274 | 96%# | |
| Admitted to ICU∗ | 5 | 0.4% | 46 | 3% | 51 | 4%# | |
| Missing | 103 | 3% | 537 | 14% | 640 | 17% | |
| Deaths | – | 4 | 0.1% | 4 | 0.1%∗∗ | ||
Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding.
Chi-square test for qualitative variables and t test for quantitative variables were performed to compare male cases to female cases.
UAE = United Arab Emirates, ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome, SD = Standard deviation, ICU = intensive care unit.
Including Comoros, Western Sahara Region, and South Sudan.
Housewives, retired elderly, and children aged 0–18 yrs.
Percentages were calculated out of 448.
Diabetes and hypertension were the most reported comorbidities (n = 47).
Percentages for symptomatic cases were calculated out of 2184.
Percentages were calculated out of 1325.
Percentage was calculated out of 3827.
Significance level at P-value < .05.