Table 2.
Multivariable factors of hospitalized versus non-hospitalized.
| Total (N = 3827) | 95% confidence interval | |||
| Gender | N (%) | P-value | Lower | Upper |
| Male | 3157 (82%) | .64 | −0.082 | 0.051 |
| Female | 670 (18%) | Reference | ||
| Age, y | ||||
| Median (IQR∗) | 35 (28–43) | .595 | −0.001 | 0.003 |
| Nationality | ||||
| UAE† | 540 (14%) | .735 | −0.295 | 0.208 |
| Other Arab countries | 435 (11%) | .394 | −0.363 | 0.143 |
| Non-Arab countries | 2815 (74%) | .411 | −0.347 | 0.142 |
| Unknown | 37 (1%) | Reference | ||
| COVID-19 workplace exposure risk levels | ||||
| High exposure risk | ||||
| Healthcare workers | 110 (3%) | .435 | −0.224 | 0.096 |
| Medium exposure risk | ||||
| Labourers and workers at high-density workplaces | 628 (16%) | .000a | −0.377 | −0.17 |
| Lower exposure risk | ||||
| Office workers and workers with minimum contact with public | 2755 (72%) | .348 | −0.132 | 0.046 |
| Other | 334 (9%) | Reference | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| No comorbidities | 3379 (88%) | Reference | ||
| With comorbidities | 448 (12%) | |||
| Hypertension | 120 (27%) | .099 | −0.022 | 0.252 |
| Diabetes | 96 (21%) | .088 | −0.020 | 0.284 |
| Pregnancy | 36 (8%) | .231 | −0.096 | 0.397 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 22 (5%) | .038a | 0.018 | 0.635 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 18 (4%) | .057 | −0.010 | 0.67 |
| Immunocompromised | 12 (3%) | .302 | −0.198 | 0.638 |
| Chronic neurological/neuromuscular disease | 9 (2%) | .097 | −0.073 | 0.885 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5 (1%) | .619 | −0.481 | 0.808 |
| Chronic liver disease | 5 (1%) | .035a | 0.047 | 1.329 |
| Two or more comorbidities | 125 (28%) | .019a | 0.028 | 0.311 |
| Time interval (date of onset of symptoms–date of notification) (mean = 3.84) | ||||
| Median (IQR∗) | 3 (1–5) | .000a | 0.006 | 0.02 |
| Clinical presentation | ||||
| Asymptomatic cases | 1643 (43%) | .000a | 0.269 | 0.522 |
| Symptomatic cases | 2184 (57%) | |||
| Mild | 1277 (58%) | .000a | 0.187 | 0.443 |
| Moderate | 530 (24%) | .001a | 0.091 | 0.364 |
| Severe | 189 (9%) | .000a | 0.305 | 0.627 |
| Critical | 47 (2%) | .004a | 0.119 | 0.615 |
| Missing symptoms | 141 (6%) | Reference | ||
Percentages may not add to 100 because of rounding.
Multiple logistic regression was used to predict factors which may be associated with COVID-19 outcomes: admission to hospital.
Chronic pulmonary disease, and chronic liver disease individually contribute to the COVID-19 cases outcomes: admitted to hospital versus not admitted to hospital.
∗
IQR = Interquartile range.
†
UAE = United Arab Emirates.
a
Significance level at P-value < .05.