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. 2022 Jun 30;13:820484. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820484

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Copyright © 2022 Xing, Shi, Sun, Gu, Zhang, Chen, Li, Wang, Li, Niu, Huang, Qian, Huang, Jiang, Wang, Cao, Wang, Zeng, Yang, Yang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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α diversity analysis and β diversity of the three experimental groups were analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Chaol (A) and the observed number of species (B) were used as abundance estimates. The Shannon—Wiener index (C) was used as a diversity estimator. (D) NMDS was adopted to analyze the degree of difference between different samples to assess β diversity. The results were calculated for statistical significance using the t-test (N = 5/group). ^*P < 0.05. P, challenged H9N2 cells after pretreatment with PBS; M, challenged H9N2 cells after pretreatment with L. plantarum 0111. N, pretreatment with PBS.