Table 2.

Outcome measures in the 4 testing conditions (n = 20).

Testing condition	Hip flexion angle (setup phase, degree)	Knee flexion angle (setup phase, degree)	Cervical lordosis angle (lockout phase, degree)	Thoracic kyphosis angle (lockout phase, degree)	Lumbar lordosis angle (lockout phase, degree)	Time to complete a deadlift (s)	RPE
1. Belt and straps	56.50 ± 4.67 (95% CI: 54.31-58.69)	88.55 ± 11.65† (95% CI: 83.10-94.00)	142.60 ± 12.86 (95% CI: 136.58-148.62)	143.20 ± 8.70 (95% CI: 139.13-147.27)	155.60 ± 8.80 (95% CI: 151.48-159.72)	1.40 ± 0.23† (95% CI: 1.29-1.51)	4.05 ± 1.67∗ , † , ‡ (95% CI: 3.27-4.83)
2. Belt only	56.65 ± 4.31 (95% CI: 54.63-58.67)	89.90 ± 11.62 (95% CI: 84.46-95.34)	143.25 ± 12.85 (95% CI: 137.24-149.26)	145.45 ± 7.16∗ (95% CI: 142.10-148.80)	154.55 ± 9.26 (95% CI: 150.22-158.88)	1.46 ± 0.18† (95% CI: 1.37-1.54)	5.20 ± 1.28† (95% CI: 4.60-5.80)
3. Straps only	55.15 ± 3.56 (95% CI: 53.49-56.82)	90.50 ± 10.44 (95% CI: 85.62-95.38)	143.85 ± 14.27 (95% CI: 137.17-150.53)	142.35 ± 8.07 (95% CI: 138.57-146.13)	154.15 ± 8.42 (95% CI: 150.21-158.09)	1.50 ± 0.21 (95% CI: 1.40-1.59)	5.90 ± 1.29† (95% CI: 5.30-6.51)
4. No belt and no straps	55.70 ± 4.24 (95% CI: 53.71-57.69)	93.40 ± 12.55 (95% CI: 87.53-99.27)	142.20 ± 11.07 (95% CI: 137.02-147.38)	144.30 ± 7.39 (95% CI: 140.84-147.76)	155.30 ± 9.55 (95% CI: 150.83-159.77)	1.56 ± 0.23 (95% CI: 1.45-1.66)	7.05 ± 1.40 (95% CI: 6.40-7.70)

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

CI = confidence interval, RPE = rating of perceived exertion.

^∗P < .0083 compared with strap only condition (condition 3).

^†P < .0083 compared with no belt and no straps condition (condition 4).

^‡P < .0083 compared with belt only condition (condition 2).