Table 3.
Summary of pooled effects
| Metric | n | Mean differences | 95% confidence interval | I 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarker | ||||
| MT* | 4 | 6.9 | 4.16 to 9.63 | 0% |
| ICI | 10 | −0.4 | −0.69 to −0.11 | 93% |
| Healthy | 6 | −0.57 | −1.04 to −0.10 | 93% |
| Other MSK | 3 | −0.08 | −0.47 to 0.32 | 81% |
| Depression | 1 | −0.48 | −0.78 to −0.18 | - |
| CSP | 7 | −7.82 | −40.77 to 25.14 | 94% |
| Healthy | 4 | −20.34 | −92.66 to 51.98 | 96% |
| Other MSK | 2 | 2.61 | −37.00 to 42.21 | 0% |
| Depression | 1 | 18.63 | 8.08 to 29.18 | - |
| ICF | 7 | −0.25 | −0.69 to 0.20 | 93% |
| Healthy | 4 | −0.15 | −0.92 to 0.62 | 95% |
| Other MSK | 2 | −0.11 | −1.10 to 0.89 | 0% |
| Depression | 1 | −1.06 | −1.53 to −0.59 | - |
| MEP | 10 | 0.31 | −0.59 to 1.21 | 88% |
| Healthy | 6 | 0.35 | −0.86 to 1.57 | 83% |
| Other MSK | 3 | 0.65 | −4.43 to 5.74 | 90% |
| Depression | 1 | −0.28 | −0.54 to −0.02 | - |
| Predictor | ||||
| CSP** | 2 | 14.92 | 4.86 to 24.98 | 0% |
| ICI | 6 | 0.19 | 0.10 to 0.29 | 66% |
| NIBS | 4 | 0.21 | 0.05 to 0.37 | 74% |
| Exercise | 1 | 0.1 | −0.03 to 0.23 | - |
| Pregabalin | 1 | 0.2 | 0.05 to 0.35 | - |
| ICF | 5 | 0.78 | −0.27 to 1.82 | 94% |
| NIBS | 4 | 1.03 | −0.16 to 2.21 | 93% |
| Exercise | 1 | −0.19 | −0.78 to 0.40 | - |
| MT** | 5 | −1.79 | −5.62 to 2.03 | 0% |
| MEP** | 2 | 0.21 | −0.42 to 0.83 | 95% |
Note: CSP: cortical silent period, ICI: intracortical inhibition, MEP: motor evocate potential, MSK: musculoskeletal disorders, MT: Motor threshold, NIBS: non-invasive brain stimulation.
*
all vs healthy subjects
**
all vs sham/placebo.