Table 3.
Baseline values, and changes at 3 and 6 Months of bodyweight, abdominal fat, glucose, and insulina
| Dietary groups | P groupb | P timeb | P group × timeb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD (n = 84) | TJD (n = 85) | CD (n = 84) | ||||
| Weight, kg | 0.52 | < 0.0001 | 0.64 | |||
| Baseline | 78.9 (12.5) | 79.7 (10.9) | 79.5 (12.3) | |||
| 3-mo change | −5.11 (−5.79 to −4.44) | −4.72 (−5.38 to −4.06) | −4.97 (−5.64 to −4.31) | |||
| 6-mo change | −5.72 (−6.40 to −5.03) | −5.05 (−5.73 to −4.38) | −5.38 (−6.06 to −4.70) | |||
| Abdominal fat, cm2c | 0.34 | < 0.0001 | 0.17 | |||
| Baseline | 261 (126) | 273 (102) | 270 (109) | |||
| 3-mo change | −56.6 (−68.2 to −44.9) | −45.8 (−56.4 to −35.2) | −47.1 (−57.4 to −36.7) | |||
| 6-mo change | −65.6 (−77.5 to −53.6) | −53.9 (−65.3 to −42.5) | −65.2 (−76.0 to −54.5) | |||
| VAT, cm2c | 0.12 | 0.0090 | 0.44 | |||
| Baseline | 86.7 (53.4) | 95.4 (57.5) | 82.6 (77.6) | |||
| 3-mo change | −34.1 (−41.6 to −26.50) | −30.8 (−37.7 to −23.9) | −29.0 (−35.7 to −22.3) | |||
| 6-mo change | −39.88 (−47.7 to −32.1) | −36.2 (−43.7 to −28.6) | −40.5 (−47.5 to −33.5) | |||
| SAT, cm2c | 0.77 | < 0.0001 | 0.26 | |||
| Baseline | 172 (90.0) | 187 (96.1) | 176 (74.1) | |||
| 3-mo change | −22.4 (−28.2 to −16.6) | −15.2 (−20.6 to −9.90) | −17.7 (−22.9 to −12.5) | |||
| 6-mo change | −25.8 (−31.8 to −19.7) | −17.7 (−23.6 to −11.9) | −24.4 (−29.8 to −19.0) | |||
| 0-h glucose, mmol/L | 0.72 | < 0.0001 | 0.30 | |||
| Baseline | 6.13 (0.81) | 6.03 (0.60) | 5.97 (0.63) | |||
| 3-mo change | −0.12 (−0.22 to −0.01) | −0.14 (−0.24 to −0.04) | −0.12 (−0.22 to −0.02) | |||
| 6-mo change | −0.38 (−0.48 to −0.27) | −0.34 (−0.44 to −0.23) | −0.28 (−0.38 to −0.17) | |||
| AUC glucose, mmol*h/L | 0.10 | < 0.0001 | 0.96 | |||
| Baseline | 16.4 (5.52) | 17.0 (4.16) | 17.2 (4.74) | |||
| 3-mo change | 0.23 (−0.29 to 0.75) | 0.86 (0.37-1.35) | 0.66 (0.17-1.15) | |||
| 6-mo change | −0.93 (−1.46 to −0.40) | −0.19 (−0.73 to 0.34) | −0.47 (−0.99 to 0.05) | |||
| 0-h insulin, uIU/mL | 0.65 | 0.12 | 0.32 | |||
| Baseline | 12.2 (8.40) | 14.2 (9.10) | 14.4 (9.40) | |||
| 3-mo change | −3.98 (−5.57 to −2.40) | −2.55 (−4.10 to −1.00) | −4.16 (−5.72 to −2.60) | |||
| 6-mo change | −4.62 (−6.25 to −2.98) | −4.31 (−5.97 to −2.65) | −4.09 (−5.74 to −2.44) | |||
| AUC insulin, uIU*h/mL | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.33 | |||
| Baseline | 161 (128) | 197 (113) | 178 (140) | |||
| 3-mo change | −15.0 (−34.0 to 3.95) | −31.7 (−49.9 to −13.4) | −30.5 (−48.5 to −12.6) | |||
| 6-mo change | −28.0 (−47.4 to −8.64) | −27.7 (−47.5 to −8.00) | −26.0 (−45.0 to −7.09) | |||
| Matsuda Index | 0.49 | 0.016 | 0.74 | |||
| Baseline | 11.19 (8.30) | 9.94 (9.26) | 10.29 (6.66) | |||
| 3-mo change | 3.62 (2.02-5.22) | 2.76 (1.23-4.30) | 2.29 (0.78-3.81) | |||
| 6-mo change | 4.84 (3.19-6.50) | 3.62 (1.94-5.31) | 4.06 (2.46-5.66) |
Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CD, Control diet; MD, Mediterranean diet; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; TJD, Traditional Jiangnan diet; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.
a Baseline values are the observed mean (SD) or median (interquartile range). The within-group changes from baseline are expressed as estimated marginal means (95% CI).
b The effects of group, time, and their interaction on variables were examined by mixed-effects linear models with unstructured variance structure, which adjusted for age, sex, baseline body mass index (except for weight), baseline fasting glucose (except for fasting glucose), physical activity, and baseline values.
c A total of 187 participants had valid MRI records, 58 in the MD group, 66 in TJD, and 65 in CD.