Fig. 3.

Cortico-cortical and hippocampo-cortical ripple co-occurrences increase preceding recall. (A) Schematic of paired-associates memory task. Patients learned word pair associations and were subsequently cued with the first word to recall the second immediately following learning and then after a ∼60-s delay with distraction. (B) Cortical and cortico-cortical corippling increases following the stimulus cue triggering recall (delayed n = 365 trials, immediate n = 698 trials, patients S18–22). (C) Same as B except for hippocampal ripples and hippocampo-cortical coripples (delayed n = 90 trials, immediate n = 304 trials, patients S19, 22). (D and E) Quantification of B and C during the pink shaded 150- to 300-ms interval following stimulus cue onset preceding correct recall in the immediate or delayed condition, or incorrect recall (no attempt or incorrect response) in the delayed condition. Note that cortico-cortical and hippocampo-cortical co-occurrences preceding correct delayed recall have the greatest increases. Errors show SEM. Post-FDR *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, linear mixed-effects models with patient as random effect. ns, not statistically significant.