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. 2022 Apr 21;46(6):e116–e185. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkac023

Table X.

Summary of Toxicity Profile of NPS Opioids

Organ system Symptoms and signs
CNS Analgesia, somnolence and sedation
Cardiovascular Hypercarbia, acidosis and hypoxemia
Pulmonary Hypoventilation that can progress to respiratory arrest
Other Miosis; constipation; rapid onset of rigidity of muscles in the jaw, neck, chest wall and abdomen
Postmortem findings Organ edema and congestion; urine retention; frothy watery fluid in airways