Table 2. Summary of the overall within group effect sizes.
Outcome Measures | Sample Size | Effect Size Estimate | Heterogeneity | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K | n | Hedges’ g | 95% CI | p | Q | p | I2 (%) | |||
Pre- and Post- differences | ||||||||||
Anxiety | 28 | 1306 | 0.55 | [0.42, 0.68] | < 0.01 | 80.48 | < 0.01 | 66.45 | ||
Depression | 31 | 1483 | 0.43 | [0.31, 0.54] | < 0.01 | 93.43 | < 0.01 | 67.89 | ||
CRF | 23 | 1244 | 0.43 | [0.28, 0.59] | < 0.01 | 138.52 | < 0.01 | 84.84 | ||
Follow-Up | ||||||||||
Anxiety | 14 | 759 | 0.73 | [0.59, 0.87] | < 0.01 | 31.77 | < 0.01 | 59.08 | ||
Depression | 14 | 847 | 0.49 | [0.36, 0.63] | < 0.01 | 42.35 | < 0.01 | 69.30 | ||
CRF | 12 | 814 | 0.46 | [0.33, 0.58] | < 0.01 | 35.01 | < 0.01 | 68.63 |
CRF = cancer-related fatigue; K = number of studies that were included in the review; n = number of participants; CI = confidence interval.