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. 2022 Jul 14;17(7):e0269519. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269519

Table 2. Summary of the overall within group effect sizes.

Outcome Measures Sample Size Effect Size Estimate Heterogeneity
K n Hedges’ g 95% CI p Q p I2 (%)
Pre- and Post- differences
    Anxiety 28 1306 0.55 [0.42, 0.68] < 0.01 80.48 < 0.01 66.45
    Depression 31 1483 0.43 [0.31, 0.54] < 0.01 93.43 < 0.01 67.89
    CRF 23 1244 0.43 [0.28, 0.59] < 0.01 138.52 < 0.01 84.84
Follow-Up
    Anxiety 14 759 0.73 [0.59, 0.87] < 0.01 31.77 < 0.01 59.08
    Depression 14 847 0.49 [0.36, 0.63] < 0.01 42.35 < 0.01 69.30
    CRF 12 814 0.46 [0.33, 0.58] < 0.01 35.01 < 0.01 68.63

CRF = cancer-related fatigue; K = number of studies that were included in the review; n = number of participants; CI = confidence interval.