Table 1.

A qualitative comparison between our proposed study and the existing studies.

Study	Used technologies	Annotation of sensor data	Annotation of personal and health data or health management data	Rule-based recommendation generation	Annotation of preference data	Annotation of recommendation messages
Our study	OWLa, HermiT, RDFb, SPARQLc, TDBd, OWLViz, OntoGraf, and Java	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Chatterjee et al [11]	OWL, HermiT, RDF, SPARQL, TDB, OWLViz, SSNe, SNOMED-CTf, OntoGraf, and Java	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Kim et al [12]	OWL	No	Yes	No	No	No
Sojic et al [13]	OWL and SWRLg	No	Yes	No	No	No
Kim et al [14]	OWL and FaCT++	No	Yes	No	No	No
Lasierra et al [15]	OWL, RDF, and SPARQL	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
Yao and Kumar [16]	OWL and SWRL	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
Chi et al [17]	OWL and SWRL	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
Rhayem et al [18]	OWL and SWRL	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Galopin et al [19]	OWL and SWRL	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
Sherimon and Krishnan [20]	OWL and SWRL	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
Hristoskova et al [21]	SOAh, Amigo, OWL, and SWRL	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
Riano et al [22]	OWL	No	No	Yes	No	No
Jin and Kim [23]	SSN and IETF YANG	Yes	No	No	No	No
Ganguly et al [24]	OWL	No	No	Yes	No	No
Bouza et al [25]	OWL, Decision Tree, and Java	No	No	Yes	No	No
Villalonga et al [26]	OWL and SPARQL	No	No	Yes	No	Yes

^aOWL: Web Ontology Language.

^bRDF: Resource Description Framework.

^cSPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language.

^dTDB: tuple database.

^eSSN: semantic sensor network.

^fSNOMED-CT: Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine–Clinical Terms.

^gSWRL: Semantic Web Rule Language.

^hSOA: service-oriented architecture.